不同國民所得國家之不同性別高等教育入學機會比較之研究

The Study of Comparison of Equity Tertiary Education Enrolment of Different Gender in Different Income Countries

林松柏(Song-Bo Lin)

《智慧科技與應用統計學報》 6卷1期 (2008/06) Pp. 73-83

https://doi.org/10.29807/JTITAS.200806.0006

摘要

本研究旨在比較不同國民所得國家中，不同性別的高等教育入學機會。研究主要目的為探討不同性別之高等教育入學機會，以及說明如何使用性別平等指數、性別歧視係數和無母數統計方法分析不同性別的高等教育入學機會。本研究根據各國人均國民所得分成低所得、中低所得、中高所得，以及高所得國家，做為不同經濟發展國家的分類依據。本研究運用於分析高等教育入學機會均等的指標為高等教育入學率，並以性別平等指數與性別歧視係數比較男女性別的高等教育入學機會，以及運用無母數統計的Mann-Whitey U test進行入學機會的差異程度檢定。研究結果發現，雖然全世界的高等教育發展迅速，但在不同國民所得國家中，仍有性別不均等的現象。中低與中高所得國家的不同性別高等教育入學機會堪稱均等，但低所得與高所得國家並不均等。

關鍵字

性別歧視係數 ； 性別平等 ； 性別平等指數 ； 高等教育

並列摘要

This paper attempts to compare the equity tertiary education enrolment of different gender in different economic development countries. The specific objectives are to explore the gender's opportunity of entry into tertiary education between different economic development countries, and express how to apply Gender Parity Index (GPI), Gender Discrimination Coefficient (GDC), and nonparametric statistical analytic technique to analyze the opportunity of different gender. Countries were classified to low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, and high income countries by gross national income per capita (GNIpc). The indicators and nonparametric statistical analytic technique applied in this paper included Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) to tertiary education, GPI, GDC, and Mann-Whitey U test. The majors finding indicated that the worldwide development of tertiary education was quick, but the gender's opportunity of enrolment was different between different income countries. The opportunity was equal in lower and upper middle income countries, but unequal in low and high income countries.

並列關鍵字

Gender discrimination coefficient ； gender equity ； gender parity index ； tertiary education

參考文獻

吳柏林(1999)。現代統計學。臺北:五南。

Abu-Ghaida, D.,Klasen, S.(2004).The costs of missing the millennium development goal on gender equity.World Development.32(7),1075-1107.

Becker, G. S.(1971).The economics of discrimination.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.

Clark, B. R.,M. C. Alkin (Ed.)(1992).Encyclopedia of educational research.New York:American Educational Research Association.

Conover, W. J.(1999).Practical nonparametric statistics.New York:John Wiley & Sons.