台灣地區受高等教育之性別差異研究

A STUDY ON THE GENDER DIFFERENCE OF RECEIVING HIGHER EDUCATION IN TAIWAN.

邱俊斌(Chun-Pin Chiu)

指導教授 ： 方振瑞

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/經濟學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本文使用「台灣地區社會變遷調查資料庫」，欲討論近年來台灣地區男女受高等教育的比例改變之因素。政府遷台後，隨著台灣地區民眾對高等教育的需求增加，幾十年來高等教育不停的擴充。大學生人數由不到十萬人，增加至今已將突破百萬人。其中不只是人數的增加，我們更觀察到男/女就讀大學比例的改變，由政府剛遷台時男性就讀大學人數約為女性的三至四倍，至今男女比例已接近一比一，甚至女性還較男性更多。究其原因，是由於個人家庭環境的改變，或是整體環境的變遷，是本文想討論的重點。

本文使用多元迴歸模型與二元選擇模型，選取地區、族群、父母親教育程度、家庭子女數，做為家庭背景因素；選取大學報酬率、服務業比例、大學生人數做為整體環境因素，討論以上變數對大學就學率或個人就讀大學機率的影響。結論為：就家庭背景因素而言，不論男女，父母親教育程度對於個人就學機率皆有顯著且正向的影響；家庭子女數則有負向顯著的影響。整體因素方面，服務業比例對女性就學機率有正向且顯著的影響，對男性則無；大學生人數增加則對男女皆有正向且顯著的影響。若綜合家庭背景因素與整體因素，可推論出隨時間經過男/女就讀大學比例，確實有逐年降低的可能性。

關鍵字

高等教育 ； 性別差異 ； 教育機會

並列摘要

Using the 「Taiwan Social Change Survey」, we would like to discuss the factors causing the ratio change between male and female in higher education population. In recent years, the demand of higher education has been growing a lot, and the number of educational institutes is also growing according to the demand. In Taiwan, which has around 23 millions people, the number of college students has now been over millions of people, however, the number was only a few hundreds thousands before. Not only do we see the change of the number of the higher education population, we also observe the composition change in this population change. As KMT just moved to Taiwan, the number of males going to the colleges was three to four times more than the number of females who went to the colleges. But now, the ratio between males and females going to the colleges has been close to one or even lower than one. The possible reasons that may cause this significant change in the population composition in higher education
are the subjects we want to analyze in this article.
Basically, we use multiple regression model and binary choice model to do the analysis in this article. The factors or variables can be categorized into two groups. The first category is about family background factor, which includes 1.living areas, 2.races, 3.education level of parents, and 4.the number of children in the family. The second category is about environmental factor, which includes 1.rewards of attending colleges, 2.the population ratio between service industry and the other industries, 3.the number of college students. Using the factors above, we would like to analyze the relation between theses factors and the college attendance probability. The conclusion is: concerning the family background factor, educational level of parents is positive effect on college attendance probability and the number of children in the family is negative effect on college attendance probability. With regard to environmental factor, the population of service industry has positive effect on female attendance to colleges, but has no significant effect on males. The number growth of college students has positive effect on college attendance on both males and females. Combining both family background and environmental factors, we may infer that the
population ratio between male college students and female college students will keep getting small.

並列關鍵字

Higher Education ； Gender Difference

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