老人靈性智能發展策略

The Strategy of Elder's Spiritual Intelligence Development

王秋絨(Chiou-Rong Wang Yang)

《生死學研究》 9期 (2009/01) Pp. 127-160

https://doi.org/10.29844/JLDS.200901.0004

摘要

本文旨在探究老人靈性智能發展的策略與方式。基此，首先從弗洛伊德(S. Freud)、馬斯洛(A. H. Maslow)、契克沈米哈宜(M. Csikszentmihalyi)、迦達納(H. Gardner)、梅耶(J. D. Mayer)、沃爾曼(R. Wolman)、左哈(C. Zohar)、馬歇爾(I. Marshall)、史密斯(H. Smith)及樂維喬(A. Lovejoy)的觀點論述靈性智能的層面與內涵。再次討論靈性智能發展的個人、家庭及社群因素。最後根據前述之討論，提出老人靈性智能的發展策略與方式，並獲得四大結論、十二項建議 ：本文提出老人的靈性智能為一社會文化建構，深受「個人基本需求、自主性人格、家庭及生活挑戰」等影響。準此，本文最後提出宜多多獎助對老人靈性智能發展的腦神經機制及其影響因素的更深入之研究；並增加老人的多元治療、輔導及終身學習，以及深具挑戰性的活動，俾提高老人靈性智能的發展，經營身、心、靈統合的健康晚年生活。

關鍵字

老人 ； 靈性智能

並列摘要

This paper attempts to explore the strategy and manner of elder's spiritual intelligence development. Based on the perspectives of S. Freud, A.H. Maslow, M. Csikszentmihalyi, H. Gardner, J. D. Mayer, R. Wolman, C. Zohar, I. Marshall, H. Smith and A. Lovejoy, the meaning and contents of spiritual intelligence are firstly reviewed. Then, the factors that affect spiritual intelligence development, including individual, family, and spiritual community factors are explored. According to the prior discussion, in the end, the strategy and manner of elder's spiritual intelligence, and also get the conclusions and suggestions are proposed.
It is concluded that elder's spiritual intelligence is a social and cultural construction, which deeply affected by ”personal fundamental need, autonomous personality, challenges of family and life”. At last, this paper proposes that it should be rewarded and sponsored for more researches of elder's spiritual intelligence on nervous mechanism. Elder's multi-treatment, counseling and lifelong learning should also be increased, and it also can provide challenge-activities, in order to increase the developments of elder’s spiritual intelligence that can help the elders manage healthy afterlives with integration of body, heart, and spirit.

並列關鍵字

the aged ； spiritual intellingence