喪手足女性成人的悲傷反應及調適歷程之探究

孩子死亡是家庭的重大事件，對喪子女父母而言是一種椎心之痛，對倖存手足也是強烈的失落，然而，許多研究都把焦點放在喪子女父母的悲傷，而忽略了倖存手足的傷痛及調適歷程。本研究採質性研究的深度訪談，共訪談了七位喪手足女性成人，進行回溯性資料收集，以了解倖存手足者之悲傷反應，及影響倖存手足悲傷調適的因素，並探討成年面對手足死亡的悲傷調適歷程。本研究結果，摘要如下：一、喪手足成人的悲傷反應：包含有情緒、認知、生理與行為等層面，與一般喪親者並無太大的不同。二、喪手足成人悲傷調適的方式：分為正向積極與負向消極之調適方式。喪手足成人採取正向積極調適方式來接受手足死亡的事實，並適應沒有逝者的新生活，而負向消極方式則多半以逃避方式不願面對手足死亡的事實。三、影響喪手足成人悲傷調適的因素：包括了與已逝手足的互動關係、自喪手足成人的支持系統、其他重要他人的死亡、手足死亡時的微笑表情、喪葬儀式、輔導志工的專業訓練等正向因素；家人的悲傷反應、台灣文化下的喪葬習俗等負向因素；以及中性的因素有喪手足成人的人格特質；宗教或民間信仰。四、悲傷經驗對喪手足成人的影響：分別為對生死態度的影響；個性的改變；教導孩子如何面對死亡；重新定位自己的角色；容易觸景傷情；終其一生活在因手足死亡引起的自責之中；人生（生命）觀的改變；家庭結構與互動模式的改變等。依據上述的研究結果，研究者針對喪手足女性成人、諮商實務工作及未來的相關研究提出具體建議。

關鍵字

喪手足成人；悲傷經驗；悲傷調適

並列摘要

It is a significant period when a family losses a child. The parents who loss their child feel painful; meanwhile, the orther children in this family also feel strongly lost. Howerver, many researchers put their study focus on the pain of those parents who loss a child but neglect the feeling of the other children in the family and how they adjust themselves. This research used the qualitative method to interview seven female adults who lost their sibling and collected the retraceable information, According to the information this research collected, we made more understanding about the grief reaction of people who lost their sibling and those factors related to how they adjusted their bereavement. The following is the result of this research.1.The grief reaction of those adults who lost their sibling has four different dimensions. They are emotional, cognitive, biological, and behavioral dimensions. 2.There are the positive and negiative ways for people to cope with the loss of their sibling. People who use the positive way accept the truth of their loss and adjust themselves well. However, people who use the negative way usually deny the truth of their loss.3.The factors related to how people adjust themselves when they loss their sibling includes their relationship with their lost sibling, the level of their social support, the lost of their significant others, the smile of their lost sibling, howe the funeral is hold, the training of the helping volunteer, religion, and personal traits.4.The grief experience of those who suffer from the lose of their sibling influences their attitude about the life and death, the change of their personality, how they teach their child towards death, that they define their role again, that they live with guilt, and how they interact with their family.Based on the result of this research, the suggestions about the practical counseling work and the direction of future research are provided.