從釋厄到證道－論《西遊證道書》的評點與情節更動

From ＂Shi-E＂ to ＂Cheng-Tao＂: The Commentary and Modification to the Original Text of Hsi-yu Cheng-tao Shu

陳海茵(Chen, Hai-yin)

《玄奘佛學研究》 27期 (2017/03) Pp. 85-118

摘要

《西遊證道書》為目前所知清代最早的《西遊記》評點本，其評點內容涉及道教內丹要旨，並以五行之說詮解情節，欲闡述仙佛同源、三教合一之思想。此評點本的之影響性極廣，包括其所新增之唐僧出世故事，並將「證道」作為書名，以宗教視角之切入作為詮釋主軸，影響清代後來的《西遊記》評點本甚鉅。本文討論《西遊記》在清代如何從「釋厄」之傳走向「證道」之書，《西遊證道書》此一題名，建立於「釋厄即證道」之功夫論上，透過整理各章回前總評的論述脈絡，可知其主旨乃藉由「魔道二分」與「魔道相因」的基本結構，強調取經釋厄之路途，即係斬除情慾魔障的證道之過程。此中欲證求之道理甚為駁雜，既有佛教解脫之理，亦包括道教修真之思維，甚至也有日用人倫的儒家領會。此外，除了評點內容外，從《西遊證道書》對百回本之刪動更改觀察，也可發現其中刪省諸多唐僧的負面描述，包括刪除原有情節的醜態描寫，甚至連增加唐僧出世的章回，或皆可視之為評點者建立證道說的結構。

關鍵字

《西遊證道書》 ； 西遊記 ； 證道主題 ； 汪象旭

並列摘要

Hsi-yu Cheng-tao Shu is known as the earliest Ching Dynasty commentary edition of Hsi-yu Chi. Its commentary content involves the key points of Taoist internal alchemy and, to express the thoughts of Three-in-one teaching, and Xian fo tong yuan, interprets the plot by using the wuxing theory principally. This commentary edition has impacted a lot. For instance, the story of Tang Dynasty monk Hsuanchuang it added, and the praise, ＂Cheng-tao＂, it used in the book title, constructing the interpretation frame from the religious vision, which influenced the later Ching Dynasty commentary editions of Hsi-yu Chi. In this study, it was discussed how Hsi-yu Chi transferred from being a book about ＂shi e＂ (liberation from the hardships) to ＂cheng-tao＂ (preach). The book title ＂Hsi-yu Cheng-tao Shu＂ is based on the theme that ＂shi e＂ is ＂cheng-tao＂. By analyzing and interpreting the pre-chapter commentary, it was found that this theme emphasized, through discussion of the basic structures of demon-tao dualism and demon-tao relevation, that the pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures and for liberation from hardships was the preach process of eliminating the lust demon. What the book would like to preach is complicated, including the Buddhist theories of relief to free oneself, and the thoughts of Taoist atonement and innocence seeking, even the Confucian understanding of the ways of the world. Additionally, besides the commentary content, by observing the changes of the one-hundred-chapter version in Hsi-yu Cheng-tao Shu, it was found that the word expression that described the Tang monk, including the deletion of descriptions of ugly performance of original plots or the addition of chapters of descriptions of the Tang monk, could be regarded as the structures for the commenters to setup their Cheng-tao theories.

並列關鍵字

Hsi-yu Cheng-tao Shu ； Hsi-yu Chi ； Cheng-tao ； Wang ； Xiang-xu

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