覺天對色法與心心所法的抉擇

覺天，是有部的四大論師之一，住世的年代，大概在西元前後，而生平事跡不詳。由於他沒有專書論著存世，想要探討他的思想學說，只能從阿毘達磨論書著手，其中《大毘婆沙論》記載的覺天思想，是諸論中最為豐富的。《大毘婆沙論》有三本漢譯，涼譯與唐譯中，法救與覺天的論義常被混雜，因此，出現涼譯之「佛陀提婆」究竟是「覺天」還是「法救」的異見。印順法師曾歸納整理《大毘婆沙論》中所載覺天論義，並於《說一切有部為主的論書與論師之研究》專書，用一節篇幅，釐清涼譯與唐譯的歧異，且扼要介紹覺天的獨到思想，標顯其與阿毘達磨論宗的異同。本文承印順法師之研究成果，以及世友《品類足論》的分類法，說明覺天對色法與心心所法的抉擇，與同宗的法救譬喻師之思想異同，以及婆沙師對覺天的評述。

關鍵字

覺天；法救；婆沙師；色法；心心所法

並列摘要

Jue Tian (Buddhadeva) is one of the four major treatise masters of Sarvāstivādin. He probably lived around the birth of Christ, and little is known about his life history. Since Jue Tian left no written records, all our knowledge to explore his concept of thinking comes from the treatises of Abhidharma Piṭaka in which the ＂Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣā Śāstra＂ provides the most abundant information of his idea. There are three Chinese translations of ＂Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣā Śāstra＂. In the versions of the Liang and the Tang Dynasties, the opinions of Fa Jiu (Dharmatrāta) and Jue Tian are often confused. This has caused arguments whether the ＂Buddhadeva＂ was Jue Tian or Fa Jiu in the Liang translation. According to the ＂Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣā Śāstra＂, Master Yin Shun once summarized the knowledge of Jue Tian and wrote a special book named ＂A Study of Sarvāstivādin treatises and treatise masters＂. He used an entire section to clarify the difference between the Liang and the Tang translations, introduced the unique view of Jue Tian, and highlighted the similarities and differences of ＂Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣā Śāstra＂ from the other Abhidharma Piṭaka. The present article is based on the investigation of Master Yin Shun, and the classification of Shi Yu (Vasumitra) in ＂Abhidharma Prakaraṇa Pāda＂ to explain the choice of rūpa dharma and citta-caitta dharmas of Jue Tian. It also outlines the similarities and differences in viewpoints between Jue Tian and Fa Jiu in the same sect of Sarvāstivāda, and the comments on Jue Tian by other vibhāṣā masters.