唐君毅「性情形上學」的儒佛詮釋

Tang Junyi's Interpretation of ＂Metaphysics of human nature and sensibility＂ between Confucian and Buddhism

蕭愛蓉(Hsiao, Ai-jung)

《玄奘佛學研究》 37期 (2022/03) Pp. 91-118

摘要

唐君毅於《生命存在與心靈境界》提出「性情形上學」，並說：「則吾人之所論，一切始於性情，終於性情。然始終之間，則可以一切形上學之思想，為開展照明此全幅性情，而成此性情之流行之用」，說明吾人能藉由心靈感通而呈現至善性情，開展天德流行之境地。而性情形上學多有融通儒佛哲思之處，唐氏主張「孔孟之教原是性情之教」，而儒佛皆有豁顯神聖心體、體證性情形上學的方法。他也指出佛教自生命的苦痛煩惱而起慈心悲願，從而成就普度眾生的大願大行，此是佛教呈顯至善性情之特點。此外，他把握「神聖心體」而論，自「真實肯定」、「超越的信心」闡釋吾人如何憑藉心靈感通開顯心體，乃至於好善惡惡、破執去妄，體現性情的超越意義。由此亦能察見「性情形上學」乃是統合哲學、道德與宗教之意涵，並進一步肯定在性情之流行中為一切哲學之歸止，能作為一切哲學之相通處；而此「相通處」亦是融通儒佛之處。本文也採取儒佛對比的方式，談論唐君毅比較儒家聖人之情與佛教普度眾生之悲願，由此析論儒佛呈現性情的特出處，並說明神聖心體「當下生活的理性化、性情化」的意蘊，從中揭顯「性情形上學」儒佛哲思的內涵與特點。

關鍵字

唐君毅 ； 性情形上學 ； 儒佛思想 ； 神聖心體

並列摘要

In ＂Existence of Life and Spiritual Realm＂, Tang Junyi proposed ＂Metaphysics of human nature and sensibility＂, he said: ＂My theory starts with human emotion and ends with human emotion. My metaphysics is to illustrate human emotion.＂ It fully represents his moral and religious emotion explained by his moral practice, and he used many Confucian and Buddhist thoughts. Tang Junyi advocated ＂Confucianism is the teaching of emotion.＂ Confucianism and Buddhism both have the method to practice the sacred mind and metaphysics of human nature and sensibility. He also identified with Buddhism's mercy and compassion from the pain, suffering of life, and swore to save all living beings. This is the characteristic of Buddhist temperament. Tang Junyi also discussed how to contemplate inner mind and outside world from Confucianism and Buddhism's perspectives; how to practice the sacred mind, and transform our affliction into calmness and spread to outside world and others. Tang Junyi interpreted from ＂true affirmation＂ and ＂transcendence of confidence＂, and he thought we can be inspired by this. It originally comes from human nature and emotion. ＂Metaphysics of human nature and sensibility＂ is the meaning that combines philosophy, morality and religion. Furthermore, Tang Junyi thought it is not only the common ground of all philosophy, also the combination of Confucianism and Buddhism. Similar to Tang Junyi, this study compares Confucianism's human sensation, and Buddism's compassion to reach out to offer a pathway to all human beings, and discusses the similarities and differences between them. It presents the meanings and characteristics Tang Junyi discovered in ＂Metaphysics of human nature and sensibility.＂

並列關鍵字

Tang Junyi ； human nature and sensibility ； Confucian and Buddhist thought ； sacred mind

參考文獻

元‧釋宗寶：《六祖大師法寶壇經》，《大正藏》第 48 冊。

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吳汝鈞：《當代新儒學的深層反思與對話詮釋》，臺北：臺灣學生書局有限公司，2009 年。

唐君毅：《中國人文精神之發展》，臺北：臺灣學生書局，2000 年。

唐君毅：《中國文化之精神價值》，臺北：正中書局，1977 年。