桌球競賽階段技戰術得分效果趨勢分析

Analysis of Competition Characteristics through the Stages in Table Tennis Tournament

黃振華(Cheng-Hua Huang) ； 林麗華(Li-Hua Lin) ； 謝瑄容(Hsuan-Jung Hsieh)

《亞東學報》 30期 (2010/12) Pp. 375-384

https://doi.org/10.30167/JOIT.201012.0037

摘要

本研究目的在探討桌球比賽的不同進程階段分析，瞭解運動員從預賽到決賽階段中的比賽時間、比分、技戰術等的競爭特性，提供教練及運動員訓練參考。以北京2008年第29屆奧運會官方網站(2008)中所公佈桌球賽程賽果為搜集資料來源，研究對象為2008年北京桌球男子單打選手，並以男子單打參賽71位選手由預賽至決賽之賽程記錄，作為研究之範圍。記錄比賽中每場／局平均比賽時間、2分之差獲勝局數、5分之差獲勝局數，並分析比賽中發球、發球搶攻、進攻、防守、反攻等技戰術得分率平均值，結果發現如下：
一、在每場平均比賽時間方面，以半決賽每場48分鐘最高，1/4決賽每場32分鐘最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，比賽所用時間有愈來愈久的趨勢。
二、在2分之差獲勝局數方面，以半決賽7局(63%)最高，第二輪賽25局(26%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，2分之差獲勝局數比例愈來愈多的趨勢，競爭激烈。
三、在5分之差獲勝局數方面，以第四輪賽19局(45%)最高，半決賽2局(18%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，5分之差獲勝局數比例愈來愈少的趨勢。
四、在發球得分率方面，以預賽每局2.7分(14%)最高，決賽每局l分(5%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，愈接近決賽階段，發球直接得分效果逐漸減少。
五、在發球搶攻得分率方面，以預賽每局3.1分(17%)最高，第一輪賽每局2.11分(11%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，發球搶攻得分率在各階段沒有明顯差距。
六、在進攻得分率方面，以半決賽每局10.73分(56%)最高，預賽每局7.49分(40%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行、進攻使用率及得分率愈來愈高的趨勢。
七、在防守得分率方面，以第一輪賽每局5.4分(29%)最高，決賽每局3分(16%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，防守使用率及得分率有愈來愈低的趨勢。
八、在反攻得分率方面，以決賽每局2.89分(15%)最高，1/4決賽每局0.11分(1%)最低。表示隨著競賽階段的進行，反攻使用率及得分率有愈來愈高的趨勢。
根據本研究的結果，提出具體建議，以供教練及運動員作為日後訓練比賽之參考依據。

關鍵字

桌球 ； 北京奧運會 ； 競賽階段

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to explore the competition characteristics, including game time and the technique and tactic for the athletes from the preliminary to the final stages in table tennis tournament. And the intent is to provide both the coach and athlete as guidelines during training. This research adopted the published table tennis game schedules and results listed at the official websites (2008) for the 29(superscript th) Olympics held at Beijing in 2008 as the data source. 71 participants in men's table tennis singles events from the preliminary and final games were selected as the scope of this research. The average game time in each match/game, the sets won by 2 points were recorded; in addition, the averages points won from technique and tactic like serve, the third ball attack, the attack, the defense and counterattack, etc, were analyzed as well. The following are the findings from this research:
1. For average game time per match, 49 minutes in semifinals was the longest; 32 minutes quarterfinals was the shortest. In general, with the progress of the tournament, it took longer and longer time to finish a game.
2. As for the set won by 2 points , 7 sets (63%) in semifinals was the highest; and 25 sets (26%) in the second round the lowest. As the tournament progressed, sets won by 2 points increased, indicating more fierce competition.
3. As for points won by serve, 2.7 points (14%) per sets in the preliminary was the highest games; and I point (5%) in the semifinals the lowest. As the game progressed and closer to the final round, points won by serve would be gradually diminishing.
4. For points won from the third ball attack, 3.1 points (17%) per set in the preliminary stage was the highest; and 2.11 points (11%) per set in the first round was the lowest. In general, points won from the third ball attack seemed not change much through the stages of the tournament..
5. For points won by attack, 10.73 points (56%) per set in the semifinals was the highest; 7.49 points (40%) per game in the preliminary the lowest. As the game progressed, points won by attack seemed to be increasing.
6. For points won by defense, 5.4 points (29%) per set in the first round was the highest; and 3 points per sets (16%) in the finals the lowest. In general as the game progressed, points won by defense seemed to be decreasing.
7. For points won by counterattack. 2.89 points (15%) per set in the finals was the highest; 0.11 points (1%) in quarterfinals the lowest. In general, as the game progressed, points won by counterattack seemed to be increasing.
From findings of this research, we propose the following recommendations: 1. The game time would gradually increase as the game progresses; therefore, physical strength and endurance of the players should be enhanced in the training. 2. Sets won by 2 points was the highest in the semifinals; and this indicated that as the games progressed into the final four stage, the competition intensified. 3. In the final stages, points won by serve and defense decreased, and points won by third ball attack seemed not change much. This showed that as the games entering into the finals, the advantages from serve or the third ball attack no longer existed; and the points by defense seemed to decrease. Nonetheless, the points won by attack increased in the final stages. This revealed that as the game progressed, the attack consciousness of the players should increase to seize the attack initiative and counterattack; these would be the decisive factor critical to the win/loss of the game

並列關鍵字

Table tennis ； Beijing 2008 Olympic Games ； Stage of the Game

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