頂尖桌球運動員在不同競賽階層、主被動回發球技術與得分率之比較

The Effects of Proactive and Passive Receiving Techniques on Winning Points for Elite Table Tennis Players at Different Draw Levels

謝明輝(Ming-Hui Hsieh) ； 林子鈞(Zi-Jun Lin)

《運動教練科學》 63期 (2021/09) Pp. 25-34

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.202109_(63).0003

摘要

目的：回發球技術有助於桌球運動員取得勝利的關鍵，本研究目的旨在探討頂尖桌球運動員在國際賽事的前八強至冠軍賽的回發球技術特點，比較主被動回發球技術對得分率的影響。方法：以2014、2016世界團體錦標賽、2016奧運會、2017、2019與2020世界錦標賽等第一級賽事右手執拍男子運動員為研究對象。以標記分析紀錄冠軍賽、四強賽及八強賽共計20場賽事17位選手，總計1,549筆資料，以交叉分析及卡方獨立性檢定檢驗主、被動回發球技術、得分率和不同競賽階層之間的關聯性。結果：一、整體而言，回發球技術使用率最高為被動回發球擺短技術，在得分率上主動與被動回發球技術無顯著性差異。二、八強賽中，被動回發球技術使用率高於主動回發球；四強賽與冠軍賽在主動回發球使用率高於被動回發球。結論：世界頂尖男子桌球運動員的回發球，會隨著競賽階層的遞增而增加主動回發球的使用率，顯示回發球方從被動而採取主動的策略。傳統上發球方具有主動的優勢，本研究結果顯示，頂尖桌球選手的主動回發球在進入四強賽後的比例增加，值得桌球教練和選手在戰術及訓練上的參考。

關鍵字

戰術 ； 運動表現 ； 標記分析

並列摘要

Purpose: Return is one of the key techniques that help table tennis players win the match. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of elite table tennis players' receiving techniques in their proactive and passive receiving between winning points. Methods: This study analyzed right-handed male players in R1 competitions, including World Team Table Tennis Championships 2014 and 2016, Rio Olympics 2016, World Table Tennis Championships 2017, 2019, and 2020 when they enter the quarterfinals draw levels. Notational analysis was applied to identify a total of 20 matches played by 17 athletes, and a total of 1549 data. were procured from finals, semifinals, and quarterfinals of these competitions. Cross analysis and Chi-square test were used to compare proactive and passive receiving. Results: Overall, passive-short return stroke was the highest rate for all the players. No significant difference between proactive and passive receiving in winning points. However, there were significant different in receiving when looking into the round. In quarterfinals, the frequency of using passive stroke were higher than proactive stroke. In semifinals and finals, the use frequency proactive were higher than passive receiving. Conclusion: The male table tennis players use more proactive receiving when they enter the finals of the match. The elite players use more attack strategy in their important match. Usually, the servers in table tennis are in a position to attack actively. Our results revealed that the elite table tennis players are more proactive receiving when they enter the semifinals and finals. This evidence is worth for coaches and players in practice and game strategy.

並列關鍵字

tactics ； performance ； notational analysis

參考文獻

游鳳芸（2020）。世界級桌球男子金、銀牌選手技術表現分析—以 55 屆世界桌球錦標賽為例。運動教練科學，57，13-21。doi:10.619 4/SCS.202003_(57).0002。

李振彪、李浩松（2008）。第 29 屆北京奧運會中國乒乓球隊技戰術特徵研究。天津體育學院學報，23(5)，428-429，436。doi:10.3969/j. issn.1005-0000.2008.05.017。

程琳（2019）。青年球員的乒乓球接發球搶攻戰 術選 擇的 研究。 文體用品與科技，2019(3)，235-236。doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-890 2.2019.03.114。

Fuchs, M., Liu, R., Malagoli Lanzoni, I., Munivrana, G., Straub, G., Tamaki, S., et al. (2018). Table tennis match analysis: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(23), 2653-2662. doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1450073。

Gómez, M.-Á., García-de-Alcaráz, A., & Furley, P. (2017). Analysis of contextual-related variables on serve and receiving performances in elite men’s and women’s table tennis players. Inter-national Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(6), 919-933. doi:10.1080/24748668.2017.1407208。