問題導向學習法在跨文化溝通課程中的應用：在2020年全球疫情大流行下以西班牙網路訊息為例的教學活動

網路時代的教學內涵，已經遠遠超出以往印刷時代的教學思考。依據杜威所謂「教育即生活」的命題，最好的教育內容就是來自「生活」的實際經驗。身處在瞬息萬變的時代與社會中，網路資源有其便捷性；不僅內容多元，也提供最新資訊，以反映當前國際社會實務。本教學研究擬採用網路訊息作為跨文化溝通課程的教學案例，以一般社會大眾對疫情的反應與態度為主。在2020年全球疫情大流行的網路訊息中，西班牙群眾在典型和標誌性的共同生活需求上所凸顯出的文化特性，成為我們取材的重點。在教學法上，我們採用以實用主義為基礎的「問題導向學習法」（Problem-based learning），將網路材料應用在跨文化溝通課程中，其目的在於1）培養學生對環境的洞察力與問題意識；2）加強學生在知識上的分析與統合能力；3）強化學生思考與判斷能力。我們採用學習單測驗法和問卷調查法對學生學習成效進行評估，並以此教學研究成果提供西語界作為「後疫情時代」教授西語文化課程的參考。

關鍵字

問題導向學習法；跨文化溝通能力；跨文化研究；疫情大流行；外語教育

並列摘要

With the invention and proliferation of worldwide interwebs, our ways of thinking about teaching and learning have been completely transformed. The internet has provided us with sources and methods of collecting and considering educational content far beyond what the age of print media could imagine. Inspired by Dewey's notion that ＂education is life itself,＂ the present study assumes that the best educational content is distilled from real-life experiences. In our fast-paced and ever-changing time and society, using online resources has become easy and fast; there is a great deal of variety, and information is constantly being updated and newly created to reflect the most current social situations around the world. As such, the present study utilizes internet communication as a case model for an Intercultural Communication Studies course, focalizing on the reactions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic displayed by members of the general public. We collected materials from sources that highlight the distinct cultural characteristics embedded in the different daily needs of the Spanish public as presented in internet communication during the pandemic. In terms of teaching methods, the present study adopts a pragmatist view, using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach to apply internet materials to an Intercultural Communication Studies course. The purposes of this were: 1) to cultivate contextualized awareness of problems and insightful observation skills; 2) to strengthen information comprehension, analysis, and synthesis skills; and 3) to enhance thinking and judgement skills. We used worksheets and informational questionnaires to assess the effectiveness of student learning, and we offer the results of our educational study as a reference case for Spanish cultural education in a post-pandemic world.