自閉症與智能不足兒童魏氏智力測驗的比較

目的：本研究比較自閉症和智能不足兒童魏氏智力測驗分測驗的分佈模式，以檢驗自閉症兒童有獨特的認知模式的假設。方法：研究樣本共四組（6~17歲）包括：實驗組一、高功能自閉症44名，魏氏智力測驗全智商不小於70；實驗組二、中功能自閉症35名，魏氏智力測驗全智商小於70；配對組一、邊緣智能不足67名；配對組二、輕中度智能不足124名。樣本均經兒童精神科醫師ICD-10的診斷及兒童臨床心理師會談評估和施行魏氏智力測驗，歷時約2小時30分鐘。結果：研究結果支持實驗假設，高功能自閉症組呈現獨特的認知側面圖：知覺組織因素顯著高於邊緣組，而理解分測驗顯著低於邊緣組。自閉症組【語文理解小於知覺組織】因素指數的比例高，高功能組又較中功能組更凸顯【語文理解小於知覺組織】的比例。邊緣組和輕中障組反而是【語文理解大於知覺組織】的比例高，且兩組【語文理解小於知覺組織】和【語文理解大於知覺組織】的比例不因智力高低而不同。結論：上述魏氏智力測驗上能力的區分或許可作為鑑別自閉症和智能不足診斷的參考。

關鍵字

語文理解；知覺組織；操作智商

並列摘要

Objective: The WISC-Ⅲ IQ subtest Profiles among children with autism and mental retardation were compared to test the hypothesis that there exists a distinctive IQ subtest pattern of children with autism. Method: We studied four groups (age range 6~17 yrs): Experimental group 1, high functioning autism (HFA), Ss were 44, who obtained Wechsler Full Scale IQ scores of at least 70; Experimental group 2, middle functioning autism (MFA), Ss were 35, IQ scores below 70; Controlled group 1, borderline intelligence (BOR), Ss were 67; Controlled group 2, moderate to mild mental retardation (MR), Ss were 124. The subjects were diagnosed by child psychiatrists with ICD-10 criteria and assessed by child psychologists in outpatient clinic with interview and WISC-Ⅲ. The procedure lasted for about 2.5 hours. Results: HFA group revealed a unique cognitive profile: Perceptual Organization score was much higher than that of the control group and Comprehension score was much lower than that of the control group. There were more subjects with VCI＜POI in HFA and MFA groups than in BOR and MR groups, and much higher ratio of VCI＜POI in the HFA group than in the MFA group. But in BOR and MR groups, there were more with VCI＞POI, and the ratios of VCI＜POI and VCI＞POI were similar despite their different IQ level. Conclusion: This dichotomy in respect of intellectual abilities on the WISC might serve as one useful tool for aiding in the separation of autism and mental retardation groups.

並列關鍵字

Verbal Comprehension ； Perceptual Organization ； Performance IQ

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