災難心理反應及其影響因子之文獻探討

Literature Review on Psychological Reactions and Risk Factors of Disaster

吳英璋(Yin-Chang Wu) ； 許文耀(Wen-Yau Hsu)

《臨床心理學刊》 1卷2期 (2004/12) Pp. 85-96

https://doi.org/10.6550/ACP.200412_1(2).0001

摘要

目的：災難與心理衛生的研究議題已成為近年來國際學者研究的興趣，台灣自九二一震災後，國內學者亦開始著重此議題。對於災難心理歷程的研究，本文強調應以歷程取向為主，如此才可有系統性的觀察受災者長期的身心變化。
方法：本文依(1)災變後的心理反應及其變化；(2)震災後的心理困境與調適；(3)影響災後心理反應的因子三部分內容整理。
結論：綜合上述三部分內容，本文認為災難（害）帶來的心理反應及症狀是持續變動的，資源的獲得與流失之變化能有效預測心理症狀的變化，之中又以個人特質與能力資源變化的影響最劇。另外，本文認為不同的創傷後壓力反應受不同災難因子的影響。不過上述看法尚不足有充分的證據形成一項定論，須再有長期縱貫性的研究來驗證。

關鍵字

災難 ； 災後心理反應 ； 災難因子

並列摘要

Objective: The issue of disaster/mental health has been an international research interest in recent years. It has also gotten increasing local attention since the 1999, 9-2-1 earthquake in Taiwan. The authors advocate a process-oriented research approach to systematically observe the long-term reaction of the victims from the disaster.
Method: Literature reviews and research comparisons were used. Three processes were reviewed in the paper: (1) psychological reaction of the disaster and the aftermath transformation; (2) psychological disturbance and the readjustment of the disaster; (3) risk factors of the disaster.
Conclusion: From the analyses of the three processes stated, it seems that the psychological reaction and disturbance are changing throughout the course, during which the psychological disturbance of the victims from the disaster could be effectively predicted through the gains or loss of resources. Among these resources, personal resource is the most powerful predictor. This paper also found that post-traumatic stress symptoms are influenced by different risk factors. However, the results above are not conclusive since more data and verification through a longitudinal study are required.

並列關鍵字

Disaster ； Psychological Reaction ； Risk Factors

參考文獻

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吳英璋、洪福建、蕭仁釗(1999)。災變下的心理反應、心理重建與危機介入。基層醫學。14，19-36。

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