人格特質、復原力、霸凌經驗對霸凌因應之研究

A Study on the Influence of Personality Traits, Resilience and Bullying Experience on Life Adaptation Ability

張越翔(Chamg Yueh Hsiang)

指導教授 ： 戴伸峰

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究為探討不同人格特質的大學生其復原力有何差異性，並探討與過去曾經歷過霸凌事件，對其現在生活適應上是否有所影響。研究工具為改編量表，共分為四個分量表，包括「個人基本資料」、「霸凌因應量表」、「復原力量表」與「人格特質量表」回收後有效問卷共923份。
研究工具透過探索式與驗證式因素分析，各分量表抽取之因素建構效度均獲得確認；接著進行多變量變異數分析，結果發現：整體樣本（n=923）男性比女性之復原力抗壓自信顯著較高；人格特質外向性、友善性、開放性、嚴謹性皆對復原力具顯著正向影響，而人格特質神經質則對復原力顯著負向影響。另外，有過霸凌經驗之學生（n=325）其復原力與霸凌因應的正向因子能力成長與自我瞭解有顯著正相關影響，而對霸凌因應的負向因子之消極態度與自我防衛有顯著負相關影響；人格特質對霸凌因應影響方面，人格特質愈開放其能力成長與自我瞭解之認知得分愈高，而消極態度、自我防衛之認知得分愈低；人格愈外向其能力成長與自我瞭解之認知得分愈高；人格愈神經質其消極態度、自我防衛之認知得分愈高。過去霸凌經驗中，關係霸凌對自我防衛有顯著影響。
最後進行架構圖之驗證，經適配度之檢驗，整體樣本的人格特質影響復原力達到顯著水準；有過霸凌經驗之樣本人格特質影響復原力達到顯著水準，且復原力影響霸凌因應亦達顯著水準，表示因果關係結構模型圖成立，故本研究人格特質會影響復原力獲得驗證，人格特質與復原力會影響霸凌因應亦獲得驗證。
本研究最後整理研究結果，與Moons 和Schaefer（1993）之壓力因應理論進行討論，並結合犯罪預防理念之三級預防觀念，針對霸凌事件之實務輔導以及處理提出相關建議。

關鍵字

人格特質 ； 霸凌 ； 復原力

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the differences among university students with distinct personality traits in their resilience & impact, if any, of their prior experience as bullying victims on their life adaptation ability. The research tool was a modified scale that consisted of four sub-scales on “Personal profile,” “Bullying response", “Resilience”, & “Personality traits”. A total of 923 valid copies of the questionnaire were recovered.
By means of exploratory & confirmatory factor analyses, the construct validity of each factor collected for each sub-scale of the research tool was confirmed. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was subsequently performed; the results showed that, with the overall sample size (n=923), men obviously appeared to be more resilient than women in terms of their confidence in resisting against stress; personality traits such as extraversion, friendliness, openness, & rigidity, all had a positive influence on their resilience. The personality trait of anxiety, on the other hand, impacted negatively on resilience. In addition, students that fell victim to bullying in the past (n=325) showed a positive correlation between their resilience & positive factors in response to bullying events such as ability development & self awareness & a negative correlation between their resilience & negative factors in response to bullying events such as passive attitude & self defense. In terms of the influence of personality traits on the response to bullying events, higher openness rendered higher cognitive scores in ability development & self awareness & lower cognitive scores in negative attitude & self defense. More extraversion resulted in higher cognitive scores in ability development & self awareness & more anxiety also brought about higher cognitive scores in negative attitude & self defense. Among prior bullying experiences, relational bullying had a significant influence on self defense.
Finally, the framework was verified. The suitability test showed that, with the overall sample size, the influence of personality traits on resilience was significant; the influence of personality traits among the portion of the sample with prior bullying experiences on resilience was significant; & the influence of resilience on the response to bullying events was also significant. All supported the cause & effect structural model. In other words, the assumption that personality traits would have an influence on resilience was verified in this study & so was the influence of personality traits & resilience on the response to bullying events.
Research findings were summarized in the end of the study & compared with Moons & Schaefer’s (1993) Transactional Theory of Stress (TTS)to come up with suggestions concerning practical counseling & management of bullying events combining the tertiary preventive ideas in the prevention against crimes.

並列關鍵字

personality traits ； bully ； resilience

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