中国红树林保护区管理与立法研究

红树林系指红树林湿地中的林地，其仅为红树林湿地生态系统的一部分。区分红树林和红树林湿地，应考虑它们不同的特点对其加以保护。然而，在中国，红树林被认为属于“森林”范畴，有关红树林的法律法规多由林业部门制定，且远远不能满足实践的要求；在保护和管理红树林湿地方面，人们多效仿和沿用陆地森林的标准。忽视湿地生态系统的完整性，是中国红树林保护存在的又一主要问题。国内大部分红树林保护区的保护方式还停留在“看林子”水平，而非视其为一个整体的生态系统来保护。更糟的是，缺少一个特别机构协调林业部门、海洋部门以及其他监管部门在红树林保护工作中的权利义务关系，由此，难以避免各部门之间的法律冲突。针对中国红树林保护区管理与立法的问题，提出如下建议：其一，非政府监督机制应被引入红树林保护与管理；其二，完善公众参与机制，积极保护生态利益；其三，为了更有效地保护红树林，各红树林保护区应制定自己的条例。

關鍵字

红树林保护；红树林保护区；红树林湿地；非政府监督机制

並列摘要

Mangroves refer to the forested land in the mangrove wetland, and are only part of the ecosystem of the mangrove wetland. As mangroves and mangrove wetlands are two distinct entities, the practices of protecting them should accordingly take into consideration their unique features. However s m China, mangroves are classified as simply ”forest”, thus the Mangrove Protection Laws and Regulations, which are far from sufficient, are drafted and implemented by the government's forestry department/division. As a result, mangroves are managed and protected in the same way as forest land. Ignoring the integrity of the wetland ecosystem is another obstacle to protecting mangroves in China. The typical approach to protecting mangroves in China is ”nursing only the woods”, rather than the ecosystem as a whole. To make matters worse, there is no special agency to coordinate the authorities under different departments, such as the forestry department, marine department, and the other departments that oversee the mangroves in some way. As a result, it is very difficult to avoid juridical conflicts among various departments. This paper provides some suggestions on the management and legislation of mangrove natural reserves in China. Firstly, non-governmental monitoring mechanisms should be incorporated into the management and protection of mangrove wetlands. Secondly, we need to improve public participation and to protect the ecological interest actively. Thirdly, each mangrove natural reserve should have its own regulations in order to protect mangroves more effectively.

並列關鍵字

Mangrove protection ； Mangrove natural reserve ； Mangrove wetland ； Non-governmental monitoring mechanism

國際替代計量

中国红树林保护区管理与立法研究

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