旭海-觀音鼻自然保留區發展歷程及經營管理策略之研究

在保護區經營管理中，瞭解當地社區文化與社會內涵，並邀請當地民眾與其他權益關係人一起參與規劃、推動到執行等各階段的決策機制，是極為重要的。2012年1月20日，屏東縣政府通過「旭海-觀音鼻自然保留區」劃設，指定牡丹鄉旭海村及東源村等陸域及近岸海域為保留區。該保留區劃設過程前後有許多權益關係人參與其中，各有不同角色扮演，彼此間建構出協力模式，並影響在地社區、民間社團、鄉公所及地方政府。本研究從民眾參與及權益關係人觀點出發，以行動研究為基礎，透過觀察—釐清—規劃—執行等一連串過程，來探討旭海-觀音鼻自然保留區發展歷程，並採焦點團體法及參與觀察法進行資料收集，自2011年6月至2015年12月為期4年7個月的時間，共有181篇會議紀錄進行分析。本文探究旭海-觀音鼻自然保留區從劃設過程前後發展歷程，歷程中依據環境利用、推動工作重點及政策發展議題，分為(1)古道遷徙時期、(2)古道管制時期、(3)社會運動時期、(4)劃設磨合時期及(5)經營管理時期五個期程；並以遊憩衝擊改善策略四面向，包含實體策略、法規策略、經濟策略、教育策略等，整理出旭海-觀音鼻自然保留區發展歷程中重要之因應策略及經營管理對策；最後提出本保留區發展歷程之重要價值為公私協力劃設保留區、首創保留區民眾參與管理、在地社區培力增能、創造微型經濟與生態保育，研究結果期能做為其他保護區經營管理之參考。

關鍵字

保護區；民眾參與；生態旅遊；公私協力；旭海-觀音鼻自然保留區

並列摘要

It is important to understand the culture and society of local communities and invite local people to participate in the decision-making process of protected area including planning, promotion and implementation stages. Pingtung County Government passed an act called "Xuhai-Guanyinbi Natural Reserve", designating Syuhai Village and Dongyuan Village and their surrounding area in Mudan Township as a protected area in January 20, 2012. There were many stakeholders involved during this process and each person had a different role. They worked together and construct a synergy model to influence local communities, non-governmental organizations, township offices and local government. The study explores the development of the Xuhai-Guanyinbi Natural Reserve area from the public and the stakeholders’ point of views; and based on the action research methods through observation, clarification, planning to execution. We collected data by focus group interviewing and the participant observation. From June 2011 to December 2015, a total of 181 meeting records were analyzed. The process of the protected area development can be divided into five periods: (1) trail migration period;(2) Trail control period;(3) social movement period;(4) running-in period and(5) operation and management period. Four aspects of the recreational impact strategy were applied in this study, including entity strategy, regulatory strategy, economic strategy, and education strategy. From this, we sort out the important countermeasures and management strategies in the development process of Xuhai-Guanyinbi Natural Reserve. Finally, the paper proposes that the most important value of this progress is setting up public-private partnership, empowering local people, creating micro-economy and ecological conservation, and this is the first time that local people participate in the management of reserved area. The research results hope to be used as a reference for the management of other protected areas.