戲神咒「囉哩嗹」語源初探──一個臺灣傳統戲曲與梵語聲明學接軌的研究取徑

本文以「囉哩嗹」咒之語源為主題，探討其意義與內涵。臺灣傳統戲曲源於大陸，其中七腳戲、傀儡戲及車鼓戲等劇種，仍保存南戲戲神咒「囉哩嗹」之儀式脈絡，提供活化石般的田野現場。本文除回顧相關研究，進一步以聲明學、悉曇學、字門觀等溯其語源。方向有二，其一，就饒宗頤等學者主張「囉哩嗹」語源可能源自音近之悉曇四字母□、□、□、□（拉丁文轉寫為□、□、□、□，以下簡稱四字母）觀點補充討論；其二，視「囉」、「哩」、「嗹」為三悉曇梵字，分別整理其字義，推論其具淨臺功能之可能語源。初步可得：一、□、□、□、□當源於（轉寫為ra），□為離塵染義；二、以個別字義看，「囉」為離塵染義，密教儀軌以「囉字門遍淨其心。次複淨道場地。」另「囉」（ra）亦為愛欲（rati）字首，可能是囉哩嗹被戲曲借用暗喻男歡女愛之緣由；「哩」為等四字母之漢字譯音，前已述及，另「哩」亦為密教種子字（或譯為紇哩，轉寫為hr ）之對譯漢字，有斷染遊戲、離染、證得法界清淨義；「嗹」或為□（「（口藍）」，轉寫為ra ）轉音，形、音、義與□相近，惟其上有大空點，發音則有鼻音，具變染令淨功能，密教儀軌以之為淨法界真言。

關鍵字

南戲戲神咒「囉哩嗹」；臺灣傳統戲曲；悉曇；密教；蓮花落

並列摘要

This article is focused on the etymology of the ＂ra-hrīh-ram＂ incantation used for cleansing the stage, and attempts to explore into its significance. The ritual context of the incantation ＂ra-hrīh-ram＂ representative of the theatre-deity of Nan-Xi (classical opera in southern China) is still (preserved) reserved in the ritual processes practiced in Taiwan's chi-jiau theatres and classical puppet theatres in Taiwan. These practices, for researchers, are as precious as living fossils. With this advantage, Prof. Chiu, Kun-Liang and other scholars have embarked on the initiative constructions of the field work. In addition to relevent literature review, this article attempts to trace the etymology of the incantation ＂ra-hrīh-ram＂ in terms of śabdavidyā, Siddha , and mukha from Tantric Buddhism. It is my initiative observation that□, a Siddha character, (ra in Latin transcription) contains the signification of ＂withdrawing from worldly contamination, ＂and functions to cleanse the mind and the sacred space in Tantric ritual processes. It also serves as the bīja for the ＂Fire Heaven＂ in the practice of the vajramandala ceremony. □(r in Latin transcription) and four other characters or the bīja, □, contain the signification of ＂departure from futile wonderings and playfulness,＂＂withdrawing from contamination,＂＂witnessing the pureness of dharmadhātu. ＂It serves as the bīja for Amitabha Buddha and Thousand-Hand- Thousand-Eyes-Avalokiteshvara. □(ram in Latin transcription) contains a character, sound and significance resembling , except for the fact that it has a point above the character and a nasal sound. □ contains the function of ＂transforming contamination into pureness. ＂The character serves as＂ Om, Ram svaha＂ in Tantric ritual processes, and in addition, as the bīja for Vajra-bhāsa of the bodhisattvas of the four dimensions in vajramandala ceremonies. As a conclusion, ＂ra-hrīh-ram＂ fundamentally contains the function of cleansing altars, cleansing the surroundings and cleansing the mind, which may uncover the mystery of the function of cleansing the stage of the ＂ra-hrīh-ram＂ incantation.