修身與修道：一貫道日常禮拜儀式之身體行動方法研究

Self-Discipline and Self-Cultivation: A Research on the Method of Physical Actions in the Daily Liturgies of I-Kuan-Tao

蕭啟村(Chi-Tsun Hsiao)

《戲劇學刊》 35期 (2022/03) Pp. 73-98

摘要

一貫道在教義上講求明心見性，透過修道覺察自己的本性。所謂本性是指人都有一個先天的本我（指靈魂的那個我），本我在肉身之中，就變成了在這世界上的我（靈魂＋肉身），肉身是假，靈性才是真。所以一貫道強調利用外在的假我（肉身）去修真正的本我。此一靈性觀貫穿了一貫道的各種理論及思想論述之中，也影響著儀式的內容和行為。本文主要藉著身體行動方法（MPA）的角度，探討一貫道儀式中的「身體行動」與「修道」之間的關係。從一貫道傳道時最重要的「三寶」──「關」、「訣」、「印」談起，分別代表「玄關竅」、「口訣」及「合仝」等不同面向的修持法門，進一步說明儀式進行時的跪拜、叩首及燒香等基本動作。接著探討一貫道日常生活儀式，它們是隨著時序有著固定的循環節奏，透過日復一日、月復一月、年復一年的方式反覆執行。可以發現在一貫道中，「三寶」的修持、禮拜叩首的動作乃至於日常儀式的執行等，均是身體的實踐，讓修道者得以覺察自己的身體、體悟當下、收束心念，終而體悟人的本性，也就是「明心見性」的清淨自在境界，即達到了以「修身」來「修道」的目的。

關鍵字

一貫道 ； 日常禮拜儀式 ； 三寶 ； 身體行動方法 ； MPA

並列摘要

I-Kuan-Tao's doctrines emphasize the comprehension of one's own mind and inwardness so as to be aware of one's own nature through the practices of self-cultivation. The nature, as it were, refers to an ego a priori (soul). Yet when this ego a priori is contained within the flesh, it transforms into an ego in the mundane world (soul's amalgamation with flesh). However, the flesh is false and only the soul true, I-Kuan-Tao exerts the external flesh, a fake ego, to cultivate the true one. This is the spiritual view that permeates all theories and discourses of I-Kuan-Tao and affects the themes and actions of its liturgies. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between physical actions and liturgical self-cultivations of I-Kuan-Tao, with the perspective of the method of physical actions (MPA). It starts with the crucial Three Treasures of the initiation ritual, namely the guan (portal), jue (mantra), and yin (seal), which respectively represent the xuanguanqiao (mystic portal), koujue (oral mantra), and hetong (hand seal) as three different methods of self-cultivation. Then, it will elaborate the basic actions performed in the liturgy, such as kneeling worship, kowtowing, and incense burning. Subsequently, it will explore the daily liturgies of I-Kuan-Tao, which have regular cyclic rhythms to be executed repeatedly on the daily, monthly and annual bases. It can be found in I-Kuan-Tao that the self-cultivations of Three Treasures, actions of kneeling worship and kowtowing, and the proceedings of the daily liturgies are all physical practices performed to enable those who wish to self-cultivate themselves to observe their bodies, comprehend the presence, restrain their desires in order to understand their true nature, a state in which one can reach the full awareness of being, and also complete the goal of self-cultivation through self-discipline.

並列關鍵字

I-Kuan-Tao ； daily liturgy ； Three Treasures ； Method of Physical Actions (MPA)

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