諮商師訓練的新挑戰─論多元文化諮商能力與訓練

Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Counselor Training-New Challenges for Counselor Training

劉安真(An-Chen Liu)

《弘光人文社會學報》 4期 (2006/05) Pp. 167-185

https://doi.org/10.29933/SHSS.200605.0009

摘要

隨著社會中種族與文化的日益多元化，諮商師在諮商工作中遇到與其文化背景不同之當事人的比例大幅升高，諮商師是否具備多元文化的諮商能力就成為當代諮商專業的最重要議題之一。本文以文獻探討的方式，從以下幾方面來說明多元文化諮商能力的重要性以及在諮商師的訓練中要如何提昇諮商師的多元文化諮商能力。（一） 多元文化諮商能力的重要性：傳統的諮商理論較忽略社會文化脈絡對人類行為的影響，但是社會中的少數與弱勢族群，他們遇到的困擾與其處境息息相關，因此，若不考慮社會脈絡因素，常無法提供適當的協助，甚至可能成為社會壓迫弱勢族群的幫凶。因此，若要提升諮商少數與弱勢族群的能力，實有必要把多元文化的議題納入諮商師的訓練之中。（二） 多元文化諮商能力的內涵：Sue等人在1992年針對多元文化諮商能力提出具體的說明，這份文獻也是多元文化諮商能力的重要理論基礎。Sue等人把多元文化諮商能力分為三個向度：態度覺察、知識與技巧。（三） 多元文化諮商能力的訓練：最常見的多元文化諮商能力的訓練方式是開設單獨一門「多元文化諮商」的課程。然而，許多研究結果發現，僅開設一門「多元文化諮商」對於提昇多元文化諮商能力的助益不大。目前比較被肯定的作法是融入式的課程設計，將多元文化諮商的精神融入諮商專業科系的所有的課程之中。如果諮商科系希望提昇諮商師的多元文化諮商能力，必須從課程目標與課程設計等方面重新加以思考與調整。

關鍵字

多元文化諮商 ； 多元文化諮商能力 ； 諮商師訓練 ； 社會正義

並列摘要

With the raising number of immigrants, the possibilities for counselors to work with clients from different cultures are increased. The issue of multicultural has drawn the attention in counseling psychology. However, it has not been too much discussion in Taiwan of training issues regarding developing multicultural counseling competencies. This review focused on the importance of multicultural counseling competencies , and the way to improve multicultural counseling competencies . The major points included:(1). The importance of multicultural counseling competencies : It is not rare that traditional counseling approaches focus more on intra-personal factors that influencing people’s behavior, and ignore the forces of social-context factors. For minority groups, adjustment difficulties most of time are related with the environments they live in. Without taking into account the social-context factors, counselors may not be able to provide the best services for their clients. It is necessary to include the multicultural issues in the training programs in order to increase the ability when working with clients from different cultures.(2). Content and dimensions of multicultural counseling competencies : Sue and his colleagues (1992) had made discussions and suggestions for multicultural counseling competencies . They suggested that there were three dimensions of multicultural counseling competencies , which were awareness of attitude, knowledge, and skills.(3). Training for developing multicultural counseling competencies: In many cases, most training program will provide one or two courses focusing on multicultural counseling. However, researches showed that it was more helpful if the program infused multicultural issues or sensitivity into most courses. Suggestions were made for the training program in Taiwan concerning the strategies of developing multicultural counseling competencies.

並列關鍵字

Multicultural Counseling ； Multicultural Counseling Competencies ； Counselor Training ； Social Justice