從康德的道德哲學探討自殺的道德性議題

Probe into the Morals Topic of Committing Suicide from Kant's Moral Philosophy

李素貞(Su-Chen Lee)

《弘光人文社會學報》 9期 (2008/11) Pp. 1-16

https://doi.org/10.29933/SHSS.200811.0001

摘要

自殺是現代社會所關注的議題，本文從康德道德哲學的觀點探討自殺的道德性議題，希望藉由其主張「人應自我保存」的觀點，喚醒人們認識生命意義的本質，避免不必要的自殺。康德認為人不可以自殺，不只自殺違背上帝的旨意，重要的是自殺違反自然律，自然界要求萬物必須保存自己。一個理性的人不只是把人作為工具，同時也是目的，自殺是將人當成工具來使用，如此人不是自為目的，也失去人性尊嚴。另外從其他學者對自殺不同的觀點，探討在道德上，不是所有的自殺都是不合理性的，有少數安樂死式的自殺，消極意義下構成人性的尊嚴。

關鍵字

自殺 ； 尊嚴 ； 康德 ； 道德哲學

並列摘要

Suicide is the issue which the modern society pays close attention to. This text probes into the morals topic of committing suicide from the view of Kant's moral philosophy, hoping to awake people to realize the essence of the life significance and avoid unnecessary suicide as well with its view that people should keep itself. Besides, Kant considers that people should not commit suicide by the reason that it not only violates God's intention, more importantly, it also violates natural law which requires the whole creation must keep itself. A rational being should not only regard human as a means, but also as an end. Suicide is making use of a person merely as a means; therefore a person is not regarded as an end and loses its human nature dignity, too. Furthermore, from other scholars' opinions with committing suicide, thinking of the morality, not all suicides are irrationally, there are still a few euthanasia types, forming the dignity of the human nature under the passive meaning.

並列關鍵字

suicide ； dignity ； Kant ； moral philosophy