南朝官學體制與經學發展之關係

The Relations between Public School System and the Development of Confucius Studies

洪銘吉(Ming-Chi Hung) ； 李文琪

《弘光人文社會學報》 20期 (2017/06) Pp. 1-29

摘要

南朝指宋、齊、梁、陳四朝，起於宋武帝劉裕永初元年（386年），終於陳後主陳叔寶禎明三年（589），共179年。南朝官學體制的建立與經學教育的推展，受到許多因素影響，如在中央設學方面，承襲晉惠帝劃分國子學及太學的作法，確立國子學以公卿子弟為教育對象，太學則以低階官員子弟及士族子弟為生員，地方有未定制的州郡學；梁武帝為招納貧寒之士，另設士林館學以自己講述的《制旨五經》，作為朝臣講述《五經》教材及貧寒之士科考科目；官修經學著作，劉宋以來，即欲修訂《五禮儀注》，然直至梁武帝時才完成此鉅著。而做為官學教育內容，仍是以《五經》為主。接續南朝而來的隋、唐兩朝官學，必然受到南朝四朝近二百年官學體制與經學發展關係的影響。因此，本文研究之目的，乃就南朝官學的建置、經學著述，深入分析，藉以明瞭其官學建置之特色，對其經學發展的輪廓有一充分的了解後，進而探討對隋、唐官學教育的影響。

關鍵字

南朝 ； 官學 ； 經學 ； 三禮 ； 五禮儀注

並列摘要

The Southern Dynasties refer to Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties, started from the year Yongchu 1(AD386), ended up at Zhenmin3 (AD589), 179 years in total. The establishment of the public school in Southern Dynasties and the development of the Confucius studies were influenced by many elements, such as the founding of the public school system. It inherited the way the Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty divided Guozixue and Taixue, formalized taking the offspring of the upper noble as the ones to be educated in Guozixue. Taixue, on the other hand, took the offspring of lower level officials and gentries. Provincial government then, had their own school systems. To recruit impoverished intellects, the Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty established Shilinguanxue to teach them the ＂Five Classics＂ annotated by the emperor himself, made it the official teaching material and testing subjects. Since the Liusong Dynasty, the government had always wanted to revise ＂The Annotation of Five Ceremonies＂, yet it was not until the governance of the Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty did the masterpiece get finished. And the ＂Five Classics＂ was still taken as the main teaching material of public school system. The public school system in the following dynasties, Sui and Tang, was inevitably influenced by the public school system and the development of classical studies in the two-hundred-year long Southern Dynasties. Therefore, the purpose of the thesis is to find out the distinguishing features of the establishment of public school system in Southern Dynasties through thorough analysis on the establishment of Guanxue and writings related to classics. After further understanding toward the outline of Guanxue, then discuss its influence on the public school system in Sui, Tang Dynasties.

並列關鍵字

Southern Dynasties ； Public School ； Three Ceremonies ； The Annotation of Five Ceremonies