儒教作為基本宗教－以唐、牟觀點為主的論述

佛教是不是宗教？儒教是不是宗教？就它們之涉及形上層面、有一整套徹上徹下的理論而言，應該都是宗教。一般人把宗教定位於基督教，抱持否定的態度；其所謂非宗教，實際只是非基督教。至於為何授人以柄，把宗教定位於基督教，實當深切反省。唐先生與牟先生在台賢判教與朱子學說的理解上有很大紛歧，但是以儒教為宗教典範，卻出現驚人的一致。本文以唐牟二先生的理論為主軸，約翰•希克的宗教多元論為對比，在陳述與襯托中呈現儒教作為基本宗教的詳細內容。希克的理論，前後時期頗為不同。早期是宗教相對論，宗教各是一套，彼此無法溝通；晚期是宗教一本多樣論，終歸實證，型態差別。這與傳統的三教會通論已經相去無幾了。如果說，希克的理論可以橫掃全球，那麼，我們更應該讓宗教學者對新儒家正統的宗教理論有所認知。

關鍵字

佛教；儒教；基督教；判教；宗教典範；宗教多元論；基本宗教；宗教相對論；宗教一本多樣論；三教會通論

並列摘要

To be a religion or not is a question with regard to a level of transcendence represented by a rigorously developed theory. From this point of view, both Buddhism and Confucianism can be defined as religions. However, those who define religion from the Christian perspective treat Buddhism and Confucianism as philosophies instead of religions, a Christianity-centric view that wants fidelity and general applicability. The view that Confucianism should be considered as a religious paradigm was surprisingly agreed upon by Mr. Tang and Mr. Mou, both of whom were otherwise inconsistent in other areas of Chinese philosophy. Grounded on Mr. Tangs and Mr. Mous theories and John Hicks view of religious multiplicity as well, this paper is intended to provide argumentation for Confucianism as a religion. Even though supporting religious comparativism in his earlier theory, Hick maintains that religions are of one interior core with various external forms and that religion eventually demands experimental testification. This view accords with traditional Chinese view of the inter-intelligibility among Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. If Hicks theory successfully covers all the religious forms under the sun, then it is even more favorable to promote the religious theory proposed by the neo-Confucianists to the scholars in the filed of religious study.

並列關鍵字

Buddhism ； Confucianism ； Christianity ； Religious Justification ； The Paradigm of Religion ； Religious Multiplicity ； Fundamental Religion ； Religious Comparativism ； Religion with One Interior Core but External Var

國際替代計量

儒教作為基本宗教－以唐、牟觀點為主的論述

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