日本東京高等工業學校對劉敦楨中國建築史學研究之影響初探

A Preliminary Study of the Influence of the National Institute of Technology of Tokyo College on Liu Dunzhen's Research on Chinese Architectural History

黃奕智(Huang, Yi-Chih)

《文資學報》 14期 (2021/12) Pp. 65-103

摘要

本研究主要是放置在中國建築史學史之建構研究的架構中。目標是在於探究中國建築史學在初期的建構過程中，中國營造學社文獻部主任劉敦楨所扮演之角色與貢獻。為此，本文主要探討劉敦楨早期留學日本東京高等工業學校時期，所可能獲得的史學訓練與教育，以期能找出此段求學經歷，對於劉敦楨日後形成其中國建築史研究之史觀、方法與進路上的影響。從東京高等工業學校建築科的創系科主任滋賀重列的資歷上看來，早期的課程安排上，應當有相當部分是參考美國伊利諾大學建築系的工學體系架構。而在前田松韻教授負責之建築歷史課程上，則可能參考了伊東忠太的東洋建築系統之架構，以及傳統工匠出身之齋藤兵次郎助教授的日本傳統建築構造知識體系。由於東京高等工業學校設立初期之主要目標，便是在於培育工程實業人才，因此在建築科的課程安排上，還是偏重建築製圖、工程技術、構造與材料方面的課程，而這種對於構造與製圖上的強調與訓練，加上繼承自伊東忠太的文獻加田野的史學研究進路，以及重視傳統工匠體系的現代轉譯，或者也影響了劉敦楨於日後發展出的獨特中國建築史觀與史學研究方法。

關鍵字

劉敦楨 ； 東京高等工業學校 ； 滋賀重列 ； 前田松韻 ； 伊東忠太 ； 齋藤兵次郎

並列摘要

This research is mainly placed in the framework of the study of the early construction of Chinese architectural history. The goal is to explore the role and contribution of Liu Dunzhen (劉敦楨), director of the literature department of the Society for the Study of Chinese Architecture (中國營造學社), in the initial construction of Chinese architectural history. For this reason, this essay mainly discusses the historical training and education that Liu Dunzhen may have obtained during his early studies at the National Institute of Technology of Tokyo College (東京高等工業學校) in Japan, in order to find out how this period of study experience may affect Liu Dunzhen to form his later historical view, method and approach on the study of Chinese architectural history. From the qualifications of Shigetsura Shiga (滋賀重列), the founding director of the Department of Architecture of the National Institute of Technology of Tokyo College, a considerable part of the early curriculum of the school should be based on the engineering system of the Department of Architecture of the University of Illinois in the United States, where Shigetsura Shiga got his architectural degree. In the architectural history course that Professor Matsue Maeda (前田松韻) is responsible for, his historical view of architecture may refer to the Toyo Architectural System (東洋建築系統) that Chuta Ito (伊東忠太) proposed, and the Japanese traditional construction system of Saito Torujiro (齋藤兵次郎), who was born in traditional carpenter craftsmanship. Since the main goal of the National Institute of Technology of Tokyo College in the initial stage of establishment was to cultivate talents in engineering industry, the curriculum arrangement of the architecture department still emphasizes the courses of architectural drawing, engineering technology, structure and materials. The emphasis and training on the above, coupled with the historical research approach emphasized on literature review and field studies proposed by Chuta Ito, and focusing on a modern translation of traditional building craftsmanship, may also influence Liu Dunzhen to develop his unique research methods in constructing Chinese architectural history.

並列關鍵字

Liu Dunzhen ； the National Institute of Technology of Tokyo College ； Shigetsura Shiga ； Matsue Maeda ； Chuta Ito ； Saito Torujiro

參考文獻

王貴祥，2010 〈中國營造學社的學術之路〉，《建築學報》，2010 年 1 月，80-83。

日本建築學會編王貴祥，1972 《近代日本建築學發達史》，東京：丸善株式會社。

五井直弘，1976 《近代日本と東洋史學》，東京：青木書店。

中國營造學社，1930-1945 《中國營造學社匯刊》第 1~7 卷，北京：中國營造學社。

伊東忠太，1906 〈東洋建築の系統〉，《早稻田學報》，1906 年 2 月。