正念介入對心理疲勞與耐力表現之影響：文獻回顧與未來展望

心理疲勞係一種由長時間投入認知資源所誘發的心理生物學狀態，研究證據指出心理疲勞與耐力表現下降有關，正念介入亦能促進耐力表現並改善心理疲勞。正念介入可能減少心理疲勞對耐力表現的損害，正念介入亦可能透過減緩心理疲勞的機制而促進耐力表現，然而三者間的關聯尚未被充分討論。本文旨在回顧正念介入、心理疲勞與耐力表現的相關文獻，以瞭解三者之間的關聯與機制，包括：彙整過去研究誘發與測量心理疲勞之方法；回顧心理疲勞對耐力表現之影響與潛在機制；回顧正念介入對耐力表現與心理疲勞之影響；討論心理疲勞作為正念介入與耐力表現間中介因子的可能性；最後提供結論與未來方向。文獻回顧後發現，相較於其他運動類型，心理疲勞更容易對耐力表現造成損害，並可從不同潛在機制進行解釋；正念介入亦有助於促進耐力表現並緩解心理疲勞之負面影響。較少的心理疲勞可能係正念介入促進耐力表現時的關鍵因素，然該議題仍在初步發展階段，有待未來持續探討正念介入與心理疲勞間的關聯對耐力表現之影響。

關鍵字

正念介入；心理疲勞；耐力表現；認知資源

並列摘要

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state induced by prolonged periods of engagement in utilizing cognitive resources, and accumulating evidence has suggested that mental fatigue is associated with a subsequent decline in endurance performance. Meanwhile, mindfulness interventions have been found that can improve endurance performance and attenuate mental fatigue. The purpose of the present article was to explore the effects of mindfulness intervention and mental fatigue on endurance performance in athletes through examining the relevant literatures, to understanding the relationship and potential mechanisms among mindfulness intervention, mental fatigue and endurance performance. The literature reviews were carried out in the following way: the first section summarized the research methods regarding the manipulations and measurements of the mental fatigue; the second section reviewed the effects of mental fatigue on sports performance, and its potential mechanisms; the third section reviewed the effects of mindfulness intervention on endurance performance and mental fatigue from the perspectives of various domains; the fourth section discussed the possibility of reduced mental fatigue as a mediator between mindfulness intervention and endurance performance; the final section provided the conclusions and future directions based on the results of these reviews. These reviews indicated that relative to other sports performance conditions, impairment of mental fatigue is more specific to endurance performance, and that can be explained by different biomechanisms. In addition, mindfulness intervention is shown to have contributed to enhancing endurance performance and to attenuating the negative impact of mental fatigue. Taken together, less mental fatigue might be a crucial factor operating between mindfulness intervention and endurance performance, However, the present research issues are still initial in development, and more well-designed studies are needed to investigate the effect of interaction between mindfulness intervention and mental fatigue on endurance performance.

並列關鍵字

mindfulness intervention ； mental fatigue ； endurance performance ； cognitive resources

參考文獻

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正念介入對心理疲勞與耐力表現之影響：文獻回顧與未來展望

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