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華人傾向於個人主義還是群體主義

Does Chinese Favor Individualism or Collectivism

摘要


東西方由於社會環境不同,造成人們性格自然差異。晚近以來,對東西方在「個人主義/群體主義」的傾向上一直眾說紛紜,未有定論。本文在參酌相關論文的研究成果後,以曾仕強「東西文化的根本差異」從東西方在宇宙生成認知上的根本差異為基礎,設計出「您認為自己傾向於個人主義還是群體主義?」「您對個人主義和群體主義有清楚的定義嗎?」「您認為自己有個人主義傾向嗎?」「您認為自己有群體主義傾向嗎?」「您認為自己同時兼具個人主義和群體主義的傾向嗎?」「您認為中國人都兼具個人主義和群體主義的傾向嗎?」「您認為中國人應該兼顧個人主義和群體主義嗎?」「您認為中國人對個人或群體主義的傾向有沒有什麼變化?」「您認為西方人也應該改變個人主義的作風同時兼顧個人和群體主義嗎?」「您認為如果大家都懂得兼顧個人和群體好嗎?」十大問題,以不同年齡、經歷的48位華人企業界中高階層人士為對象,採用親自訪談的方式,進一步對中國人在社會變遷下,性格傾向於個人主義還是群體主義的討論議題上,歸納出交互主義的結論並提出三大建議。

並列摘要


The thought process of Chinese typically is ambiguous. Chinese tends to combine rather than select. It characterizes the inclination of most Chinese to select the best of both worlds. Consequently, the convergence of individualism and collectivism is only natural in the Chinese social behavior. In truth, most people do not comprehend the true essence of individualism and collectivism. Without such distinction, most people could not clearly distinguish their alignment with either individualism or collectivism. Given the typical behavior of selecting a mutually beneficial proposition, most Chinese tend to pick collectivism over individualism. When forced with a choice, most Chinese believe collectivism as a more socially acceptable behavior. Collectivism becomes logical because it is perceived to be better for the group than the individual. More importantly, such selection is self-preservation. It truth, Chinese is always rational. Individualism is the choice when it should be individualistic and same for collectivism. It is the mutualism exhibited by Chinese that forms this unique ambiguous characteristic of Chinese social behavior.

參考文獻


楊中芳()。
余英時(1984)。從價值系統看中國文化的現代意義。台北:時報文化出版社。
Moore, C.A.編(1984)。中國人的心靈:中國哲學與文化要義。台北:聯經出版公司。
楊國樞(1981)。中國人性格與行為:形成及蛻變。中國心理學刊。23,39-57。
楊國樞(1988)。中國人的蛻變。台北:桂冠圖書公司。

被引用紀錄


黎小甄(2012)。由資源分配探討大學生的利社會行為、同理心、個人集體主義傾向〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201613501382
Wang, K. (2013). On the Interrelationship between Individualistic Orientation, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in the Workplace [master's thesis, National Taiwan Normal University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0801201418032563
林瑋芸(2014)。探索價值共創行為與幸福感之關聯性─以旅遊業為例〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0412201511582485
廖逸澤(2016)。對內外群體成員生氣與害怕臉孔的情感錯誤歸因反應〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201614054391

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