葉石濤的文學歷程與歷史軌跡

Yeh Shih-Tao Literary History and Historical Trajectory

林慧姃(Hui-Jung Lin)

《興國學報》 14期 (2013/01) Pp. 11-26

摘要

台灣的寫作環境，從日治時期延續到當代，一直都是困阨的崎嶇小徑；但攤開台灣文學地圖，卻是一幅佈滿豐富內涵的特殊風景。這些創景的作家，出生、成長於日本殖民統治下，不幸地度過一個禁錮的年代，為了延續內在燃燒的文學之火，在政權更迭的過程中，挑戰語言的轉換，蛻變成為「跨越語言的一代」。然而，走過兩個時代的台灣文學重量級作家，在艱難而倍受無理束縛的環境中，卻激發出更強烈的創作慾望，持守為文學打仗的犧牲奉獻精神，投入建構台灣文學的行列，葉石濤在歷史軌跡中呈現出來的文學歷程，便是典範之一。日治時期葉石濤所寫的幾篇小說，儘管有濃厚的鄉土色彩，卻是耽美、浪漫的，既沒有政治性也沒有抵抗精神存在，因此形塑出葉石濤文學是受西川滿浪漫、耽美風格所影響，才開始以浪漫抒情主義做為創作起點的普遍觀點；而支持葉石濤文學從浪漫主義出發說法的有力證據是，他捲入「糞寫實主義」的論爭，導致被歸入西川滿派。戰後，葉石濤參加讀書會，接觸左翼思想，卻也在白色恐怖的威權統治下，遭受逮捕的命運。因為現實生活流浪漂泊，文學生命被迫空白十四年。一九六五年復出後，小說創作和評論同時邁向高峰。直到統獨論爭不斷的八○年代，葉石濤著手他的文學史寫作，完成台灣人第一部《台灣文學史綱》，寫出了他完整的台灣文學論，也表達他終極的台灣文學觀；並以打散傳統回憶錄的形式，完成數本真實動人的自傳性小說。本文試圖透過台灣歷史的流變，探索葉石濤跨越兩個時代創作風格歷經的轉折，及其不離台灣土地與人民等核心價值的論述，並從西川滿過世後葉石濤的開誠佈公，揭開日治時期〈糞寫實主義〉論爭的真相。

關鍵字

葉石濤 ； 耽美浪漫主義 ； 糞寫實主義 ； 白色恐怖 ； 寫實主義文學觀 ； 自傳性小說 ； 台灣文學史論

並列摘要

From Japanese Occupation to contemporary era, writing environment in Taiwan is full of distress and tortuousness; but spread out the map of Taiwan literature, it is filled with the rich connotation of special landscape. During the Japanese Occupation, these innovative writers, who born and grew up, living in an unfortunately and though era, in order to extend the internal ignition of literary. They challenged the language conversion, becoming ”the generation of cross-language” in the process of regime exchange. Walking through two eras, there was much unreasonable restraint in this difficult environment, however, stimulating more strong creation of desire to the literary heavyweight writers in Taiwan, holding sacrifice dedication of the literary war, and invested them to construct the procession of Taiwan Literature. The showing of Yeh's literature course is one of the models of Taiwan Literature at historical trajectory. In Japanese Occupation, although some of Yeh's novels has strong local consciousness, these novels was erotic and romantic, neither political nor spirit of resistance. General view of Yeh's creation (which beginning with romantic lyricism), was affected by Mitsuru Nishikawa's romantic and erotic style. The strong evidence to support this viewpoint is that: Yeh was involved in a controversy of kuso-realism, and divide into faction of Mitsuru Nishikawa. After the war, Yeh participate in the study group, receiving the left-wing ideology, but Yeh was arrested on the authoritarian domination of white terror. Because vagrant life, Yeh's literary life has a 14-year gap. Yeh's novels and comments were climaxed by the comeback at 1965. Until 1980s, Yeh begin his literary history writing, and completing the first Taiwanese Literary History ”Outline of Taiwan Literature History. Yeh wrote his Taiwan Literature and express his ultimate literary concept at ”Outline of Taiwan Literature History.” And Yeh completing several authentic autobiographical novels, which with dispersed traditional form of memoirs. According to the change of Taiwan's history, this thesis attempts to discover Yeh's creative style, and the core value of Taiwan's territory and the people. Moreover, after death of Mitsuru Nishikawa, Yeh Shih-tao reveals the truth and debate of Kuso-realism at Japanese Occupation openly and frankly.

並列關鍵字

Yeh Shih-tao ； erotic romanticism ； Kuso-realism ； White Terror ； Realism Viewpoint ； Autobiographical novel ； Taiwan Literary History

參考文獻

葉石濤(1981)。作家的條件。台北:遠景出版社。

葉石濤(1993)。不完美的旅程。台北:皇冠出版社。

菲力浦‧勒熱訥、楊國政譯(2001)。自傳契約。北京:三聯。

陳明柔(2004)。葉石濤傳─我的勞動是寫作。台北:時報文化。

葉石濤(1991)。一個台灣老朽作家的五○年代。台北:前衛。