臺灣地區游泳池事故民事判決之研究

目的：本研究旨在分析臺灣地區游泳池事故民事判決，歸納出法院判決的構成要件與法律效果，以作為游泳池相關人員之參考。方法：本研究蒐集司法院1996年1月至2019年12月之三級法院游泳池事故民事判決，共計51件。採用內容分析法分析游泳池事故民事判決的過失類型與法律效果。結果：一、事故者性別以男性居多（66.7%）；事故者年齡以56歲以上居多（33.3%）；事故結果以死亡最多（66.7%），植物人居次（13.7%）；原告勝訴率41.2%。二、以民法184條提告者佔80.4%、消費者保護法則以47.1%次之。三、被告身份以經營者最多（78.4%），救生員次之（41.2%）。四、在原告控訴被告過失類型中，以救生員疏忽最多，其次依序為救生員不足、設施缺陷、管理缺失、未盡照顧義務、指導過失及未設安全救生器材。五、在過失類型有責率中，以指導過失最高，其次依序為管理缺失、設施缺陷、救生員不足、未盡照顧義務、救生員疏忽及未設安全救生器材。結論：游泳池經營者應確實遵守游泳池管理規範及相關法規，嚴格要求救生員不可擅離值勤崗位，定期實施救生演練。其次，實施游泳池風險管理，並建立風險管理計畫，以減少溺水事故及隨之而來的法律訴訟。創新性：1.由法院民事判決了解游泳池事故過失類型及其有責率，具體提供游泳池經營者參考，以減少法律責任風險。2.探討游泳池事故民事判決的請求權基礎及其有責，提供原告律師提起訴訟之參考。

關鍵字

侵權行為；危險責任；消費者保護法；國家賠償法

並列摘要

Purpose: This study analyzed civil judgments of swimming pool accidents in Taiwan to summarize the types of negligence involved as a reference for relevant stakeholders. Methods: This study collected 51 civil judgments on swimming pool accidents by the Supreme Court from January 1996 to December 2019. Content analysis was used to examine the negligence types involved and the legal effects of the civil judgment of swimming pool accidents. Results: 1. Most accident victims were male individuals (66.7%); most accident victims were older than 56 years (33.3%); most accident results were death (66.7%), followed by entering a persistent vegetative state (13.7%); and the plaintiff success rate was 41.2% %. 2. Article 184 of the Civil Code was applied in 80.4% of the cases, and consumer protection law was applied in 47.1%. 3. The most common defendants were pool operators, (78.4%), followed by lifeguards (41.2%). 4. Among the types of negligence accused by the plaintiff against the defendant, the most common was lifeguard negligence, followed by insufficient lifeguards, defective facilities, lack of management, failure to fulfill duty of care, negligence in guidance, and failure to install safety lifesaving equipment. 5. The type of negligence with the highest liability rate was negligence in guidance, followed by the lack of management, defective facilities, insufficient lifeguards, failure to fulfill duty of care, lifeguard negligence, and lack of safety and lifesaving equipment. Conclusion: Swimming pool operators should strictly abide by swimming pool management norms and related regulations and laws, strictly demand that lifeguards do not leave their duty posts without permission, and perform lifesaving drills regularly. They should also implement swimming pool risk management and establish a risk management program to reduce drowning accidents and subsequent legal problems. Originality/value: 1.The civil judgments analyzed revealed the types of negligence that occur in swimming pool accidents and their liability rates and provide references for swimming pool operators to reduce the risk of legal liability. 2. The study explored the basis of claim rights and responsibilities in civil judgments on swimming pool accidents, providing references for plaintiff's attorneys filing lawsuits.

並列關鍵字

tort ； risk liability ； consumer law ； state compensation law

參考文獻

林政德、林瑞泰、陳世昌 (2009a)。日本游泳池溺水事故判決之研究。國立臺灣體育大學論叢，19(3)，15–33。https://doi.org/10.6591/JNTSU.2009.03.02[Lin, C.-D., Lin, R.-T., & Chen, S.-C. (2009). A study the court judgments on swimming pool drowning accidents in Japan. Journal of National Taiwan Sports University. 19(3), 15–33.]

林政德、林瑞泰、陳世昌、何金樑 (2009b)。臺灣地區游泳池溺水事故刑事判決之研究。國立臺灣體育大學論叢，19(4) ，1–23 。https://doi.org/10.6591/JNTSU.2009.06.01[Lin, C.-D., Lin, R.-T., Chen, S.-C., & Ho, C.-L. (2009). A study of the criminal judgments on swimming pool drowning accidents in Taiwan. Journal of National Taiwan Sports University. 19(4), 1–23.]

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林政德、何金樑、陳世昌、邱金松 (2008)。臺灣地區游泳池溺水事故刑事判決過失類型與判決結果關係之研究。大專體育學刊，10(2)，55–69。https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200806_10(2).0004[Lin, C.-D., Ho, C.-L., Chen, S.-C., & Chiou, J.-S. (2008). A study of the relationship between the criminal judgments on the negligence category in swimming pool drowning accidents and the results of judgments in Taiwan. Sports & Exercise Research. 10(2), 55–69.]

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