產業競爭力測定方法及其應用－大陸31個地區工業競爭力的實證分析

競爭力指競爭主體在一定時期內爭奪市場或資源的能力，集中表現為該競爭主體的產品（或服務）所占市場份額的大小及其持續擴張的能力，包括顯在競爭力和潛在競爭力；前者可用市場佔有率來表徵，反映市場優勢，而後者可用競爭優勢（係數）來表徵。競爭優勢係數可分解為生產率因數、產銷率因數和增加值率因數，因而可用來分析資源利用效率、產銷銜接和專業化分工及產品結構等因素對競爭力的影響。實證分析表明，廣東、江蘇、上海、浙江、山東和福建6個地區工業市場優勢和競爭優勢都較強；天津和北京2直轄市競爭優勢較強，但市場優勢較弱；遼寧、河南、河北3個地區強的市場優勢，但競爭優勢較弱；其餘20個地區市場優勢和競爭優勢較弱。市場優勢和競爭優勢均呈東高西低態勢；而影響競爭力的主要因素是增加值率和生產率；因此，加大科技創新力度，提高管理水平，調整優化產品結構，以科技進步促進經濟增長是提高地區工業競爭力的關鍵。

關鍵字

產業；競爭力；競爭優勢；測定

並列摘要

Competitive power is the ability that a completive body fights for the market or resources. It is expressed the market share and its steady increase ability of the completive body, which include explicit competence and potential competence. The force can be expressed with the rate of market share, which express the market advantages. The latter can be express with competitive advantage (coefficient). The competitive advantage may be resolved into productivity factor, the rate of production and marketing factor and the rate of value added factor. Base on the evaluate methodology, we can analyze the influence to competitive power, such as the usage of resources, the coordination of production and marketing, specialization division, product structure and the others. The case study shows: 6regions, such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong and Fujian, are full of market advantage and competitive advantage; while 2 cities, Tianjin and Beijing, are full of competitive advantage, but short of market advantage; 3 regions which are Liaoning, Henan, and Hebei provinces, are full of market advantage, but short of competitive advantage; the 20 other regions are short of market advantage and competitive advantage. It emerge the sign that the eastern regions are full of competitive advantage and market advantage, while western regions are short of them. The main factors that influence the comptitive power are productivity and the rate of value added. The study shows it is the core for increasing the region's industrial competitive power that adding the input for technical innovation, improve management, regulate and optimize industrial and production structure, utilize technical progress to speeding up economic development.