Ownership, Competition, Management and Labour in Transition from Planning to Market

從計劃經濟向市場經濟轉型中的所有權、競爭、管理和勞工的分析：以中華人民共和國為個案研究

周美香(Mei-Xiang Zhou) ； 鄭國泰(Kuo-Tai Cheng)

《高應科大人文社會科學學報》 5卷 (2008/07) Pp. 205-236

https://doi.org/10.29888/KUASJHSS.200807.0010

摘要

近年來，中國大陸藉著漸進的途徑，已從計畫經濟大幅地轉型；本文旨在探索轉型國家中所有權、競爭、管理和勞工的相關議題及其可能的問題，並利用個案研究法、文獻探求和選定十八家公司，並利用「競爭、所有權、管理和勞工」的架構來進行深入分析。首先，是利用「競爭、所有權、管理和勞工」的架構，以探索公營事業在轉型中國家的角色及其架構；再者，則是著重在本文所欲深入探求的主題，以做為改善事業績效的機制：所有權、競爭和管制；最後，則是針對轉型中國家的公營事業在朝向市場化時所無法避免的議題：勞工的問題，並提出一些省思。

關鍵字

所有權 ； 競爭 ； 管理 ； 勞工 ； 轉型

並列摘要

In the last two decades, China's transition from a planned to a market economy achieved remarkable success through a gradual approach. Such transition was accompanied by the transformation of public enterprises, which were made to play a key role in cushioning social instability during the reforms. The methods of this paper are embodied in a triangulation strategy, including a structured questionnaire, in-depth semi-structured interviews, literature research, and analysis of government documents and other relevant data sources. It justifies the use of the case study approach as the major method. Particular attention is paid to the weaknesses and strengths of the research methods used. Drawing on data comparing 18 Chinese case companies, this study found that a broad concept of competition, ownership, management and labour (COML) framework could be essential in guiding a smooth transformation of public enterprises as well as economic transition from planing to market. In this study, the transformation of public enterprises has been more likely to be successful when achieved through a gradual approach, as ownership change has constraints and preconditions such as supporting institutions, which takes time to establish and function in an emerging new market environment. Moreover, labour interacts with the transformation of public enterprises, especially in the situation where the public enterprises play a key role in the provision of employment. Where there is a lack of a well -established social security, the consequences for labour from the transformation of public enterprises can be considerably.

並列關鍵字

ownership ； competition ； management ； labour ； transition