衛生教育介入對預防青少年吸菸之成效－以彰化縣國、高中學生為調查對象

The Effect of Tobacco Control Intervention Program among Adolescent Students in Zhang-Hua County, Taiwan

許麗萍(Li-Pen Hsu) ； 楊志良(Chih-Liang Yaung)

《建國科大學報》 26卷4期 (2007/07) Pp. 119-134

摘要

本研究探討彰化縣青少年在實施菸害防制衛生教育介入活動，是否在菸害認知、吸菸態度與拒菸行為具有改善成效。採準實驗研究法，研究樣本以彰化縣國、高中學生為母群體，為配合學校行政作業程序，其抽樣先以學校立意抽樣；再以班級隨機抽樣，共得樣本415位，分別實驗組學生259位，對照組則為156位，均為國一、國二與高一、高二學生，平均年齡為15歲，且兩組分屬不同學校，以避免有校內實驗污染之虞。介入方式以「不相等實驗組控制組設計」，實驗組接受本研究自九十二學年度第二學期起跨至九十三學年度第一學期為期一學年之八項衛生教育介入活動，而對照組學校於九十三學年度第一學期，適逢國民健康局推展「健康促進學校」方案，因此接受彰化市西北衛生所兩次「菸害防制」有獎徵答活動。資料經逐步複迴歸統計分析結果發現，菸害衛生教育活動介入後，國中實驗組顯示在菸害認知、不吸菸態度與行為均優於對照組，顯示衛生教育活動介入有其成效，但高中組則無顯著差異。因此建議在預防青少年吸菸策略上，宜持續實施有計畫的衛生教育，以維持其效應，並以在國中或更早階段實施較佳，而後續研究應以發展一套最具成本效益之介入模式，為首要目標，再者應追蹤介入之長期效應。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 菸害衛生教育介入活動 ； 菸害認知 ； 吸菸態度 ； 吸菸行為

並列摘要

Objective: To assess the effect of an antismoking program focusing on students from junior and senior high schools in Zhang-Hua County. Method: A Qusai-experimental study design with intervention in disonance was employed. The experimental group received eight antitobacco related classes as the treatment during a one-year period while the comparison group only received two tobacco control tests administered by the North West Health station in Zhang-Hua County. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires regarding student's knowledge, attitudes, behaviors about smoking were surveyed. Sample: Several junior and senior high schools in Zhang-Hua County were chosen based on a purposive sampling method. Students from the above mentioned schools were later selected randomly based on their grade year and class. Both subjects from experimental group and the comparison group came from different schools. 259 subjects who participated the tobacco intervention programs were selected as experimental group and 156 students who took the two tests were in the comparion group. The average age for the subjects isl5 years old. Result: multiple Regression Analysis were employed to analyze the data. When compared with comparison group, junior high school subjects from the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in tobacco control related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after the intervention than that of the comparison group. However, subjects from the senior high school did not show any change after the intervention programs. Conclusion: In the short term, an intervention based on improving anti- smoking knowledge, attitudes and behavioral changes should not be interrupted. Evidence indicates that the anti-tobacco education will be most effective if the programs start as early as in Junior high school or even early. Further research should focus on developing an effective anti-smoking curriculum, followed by a long-term evaluation plan.

並列關鍵字

Adolescent ； harm of smoking knowledge ； antismoking attitude ； antismoking behavior