賦權及削權動機氣候對青少年游泳選手退出意圖之關係：以團隊凝聚力為中介變項

The relationship between Empowering and Disempowering climates and Dropout Intention in youth swimmers: The mediating role of group cohesiveness

陳巧穎(Chiao-Ying Chen) ； 季力康(Li-Kang Chi)

《文化體育學刊》 29輯 (2019/10) Pp. 51-62

https://doi.org/10.6634/JPSS-CCU.201910_(29).0005

摘要

Duda（2013）結合成就目標理論及自我決定理論，提出教練塑造的賦權及削權動機氣候會影響選手的參與動機、基本心理需求及運動行為，因此本研究將延伸過去研究，探討賦權及削權動機氣候與青少年游泳選手退出意圖之關係，並檢驗團隊凝聚力的中介效果。本研究採問卷調查法，經參與者同意後發放問卷並剔除無效問卷，有效回收率為92%。參與者為147名青少年游泳選手（男性88名、女性59名），平均年齡15.33±1.66歲，以拔靴法進行中介效果檢驗。本研究結果顯示：（一）賦權動機氣候能正向預測工作凝聚力及社會凝聚力，負向預測退出意圖。（二）削權動機氣候能負向預測工作凝聚力及社會凝聚力，正向預測退出意圖。（三）團隊凝聚力中的工作凝聚力及社會凝聚力能負向預測退出意圖。（四）在賦權動機氣候預測退出意圖方面，工作凝聚力及社會凝聚力扮演完全中介的角色。而在削權動機氣候預測退出意圖方面，工作凝聚力及社會凝聚力則扮演部分中介的角色。結論：根據以上結果本研究建議游泳教練們，應儘量塑造賦權動機氣候取代削權動機氣候，如此不僅能夠提高團隊的工作及社會凝聚力，也能進而降低選手的退出意圖。

關鍵字

工作涉入 ； 自主支持 ； 社會支持 ； 自我涉入 ； 教練控制

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between empowering and disempowering climates, and dropout intention and further examine the mediating effect of group cohesiveness. A total of 147 youth swimmers (age = 15.33 ± 1.66 years-old; males = 88, females = 59) were recruited as the participants. With the participants' agreement, they completed questionnaires independently to indicate their level of empowering and disempowering climates from their coaches, group cohesiveness, and dropout intention. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect. There were four main results in this study. First, empowering climates can positively predict both types of group cohesiveness and negatively predict dropout intention. Second, disempowering climates can negatively predict both types of group cohesiveness and positively predict dropout intention. Third, both types of group cohesiveness and negatively predict dropout intention. The last results of the regression revealed that group cohesiveness fully mediated the relationship between empowering climates and dropout intention and it also partially mediated the relationship between disempowering climates and dropout Intention. The results revealed that the coaches' empowering and disempowering climates and group cohesiveness could influence youth swimmers' dropout intention. Therefore, coaches should use more empowering climates to replace disempowering climates and it is a possible way to enhance teams' group cohesiveness level and reduce youth swimmers' dropout intention.

並列關鍵字

task- involving ； autonomy-supportive ； socially-supportive ； ego-involving ； controlling coach behaviors

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