投擲項目專項特質之探討

Specificity exploration in throwing training

林家瑩(LIN CHIA-YING)

《文化體育學刊》 31輯 (2020/10) Pp. 47-57

https://doi.org/10.6634/JPSS-CCU.202010_(31).0005

摘要

投擲項目是田徑運動中，選手運動年齡可以維持較長生涯之項目，雖然除了技術層面會決定成績表現外，專項特質也是影響運動表現的因素。專項體能是針對該專項訓練為主，達到以提升競技成績所必須，透過專項體能檢測結果，評估選手在身體素質的能力有何優勢或缺失，可為教練在訓練課表調整之參考。有關於投擲選手欲達到最佳成績至少需要10－12年的時間，而投擲項目在外界的觀點看來，只要身體質量夠、上肢有力，就能將器械擲遠，其實不然，因為整個投擲過程是需要藉由墊步、滑步或旋轉等技術的加速，最後再透過下肢、軀幹和上肢的所有力量結合，才能有較佳的運動表現，由上述可知，投擲運動需要具有速度、力量、柔軟度、協調性及敏捷性等特點。屏除技術層面，本文針對投擲運動專項特性、身體型態及專項體能三個部份文獻綜合整理，但由於鉛球、鐵餅及鏈球三個項目的場地、技術結構、器械重量及身材條件較為相似，因此排除標槍項目之專項特質，未討論之，期望本文往後能做為教練或選手在擬定訓練計畫的參考，並在訓練內容安排上，能更具科學依據。

關鍵字

田徑投擲 ； 專項特質 ； 身體型態 ； 專項體能

並列摘要

Shot put, one of the track and field events with wider ranges of sporting career nevertheless physical aging may limit technique performance and special traits. With fully support and promotion of Chinese Taipei Athletic Association, Taiwan's athletics yield stunning athletic performance including Asia as well as international tournaments. The javelin thrower Chao-tsun Cheng broke the Asian record with 91.36m effort and won the gold medal at 2017 Summer Universiade as well as discus thrower and shot putter Ming-huang Chang, Chia-ying Lin and discus thrower Tsai-yi Li who won medals at Asian Athletics Championships and met the qualifying standards for the Olympic Games. This literature review study aimed to elicit special and physical characteristics, and specific athleticism regarding shot put, discus throw and hammer throw. Shot put, discus throw and hammer throw share the same sports characteristics except javelin throw, the special characteristics of which will not be addressed consequently. Hopefully, this study will provide scientific basis for which future investigations can be based upon.

並列關鍵字

Track and field ； Shot put ； Special characteristics ； Physical characteristics ； Specific athleticism

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