台灣北管與日本清樂關聯探究

所謂「清樂」，是指清代由中國大陸流傳到日本的民間音樂。此類音樂在江戶時期傳入日本，至明治年間極為盛行。筆者發現其中有一種頗具特色的曲牌聯套竟雷同於台灣北管細曲，因此其與台灣北管之關聯如何頗值深入探討。本文即分別由曲牌、曲文及曲調進行全面性分析比較，發現日本清樂與台灣北管間，應存在著同宗旁系的關聯。在探查中也發現不但在台灣北管裡有來自清樂的曲牌，在清樂裡也同時收錄了許多來自大陸早期「北管」的曲牌。這些發現皆可提供台灣北管源流研究者一定價值的參考。

關鍵字

台灣北管；日本清樂；俗曲；曲牌；民間音樂

並列摘要

”Qing Yue” stands for the folk song which spread from China to Japan in Ching Dynasty. This kind of music was propagated to Japan in Edo Period and became the most prevailing music. We found out that a kind of the combination of Qu Pei with distinguishing feature is similar to the Bei Guan Xi Qu in Taiwan. Therefore, the relationship between Qing Yue and Taiwan Bei Guan is worth to deeply discuss. This paper carried out a system analysis and a comparison between Qu Pei, context, and melody. We discovered that there should have the relationship between Japan Qing Yue and Taiwan Bei Guan. And the relationship imply they have the same origin but in different lineage. The investigation shows that there is not only Qing Yue Qu Pei in Taiwan Bei Guan but also Qing Yue has many Qu pei which came from China Bei Guan more earlier. These findings can provide the value of reference for Taiwan Bei Guan researchers.