Religion and Business Behavior in the Philippines

在菲律賓社會中的宗教與商業行為

Fr. Mark C. Mathias

《國際文化研究》 4卷2期 (2008/12) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.29960/SIC.200812.0001

摘要

此研究是探討在菲律賓社會中華人與菲律賓商人的態度，價值與商業行為模式發展中，受到文化，宗教與情境影響。研究方法採用問卷調查，針對華人(27.64%)與菲律賓(72.36%)共123家公司作調查，並以回收問卷作為分析基礎。研究對於韋伯新教倫理中認為天主教經濟傳統較為貧窮的理論提出質疑，因為在菲律賓華人與菲律賓商人中大部分份為天主教徒。然而研究中發現，雖然如此，但是華人天主教商人宗教行為仍受到儒家傳統影響，菲律賓天主教商人則受到日常經濟傳統影響。因此研究將指出宗教因素是理解在菲律賓社會中兩個社團經濟活動差異性的主要因素。

並列摘要

This presentation is a partial output of the research conducted to examine the complex and multivariate mediation of culture, religion and situation in the development of attitudes, values and patterns of business behavior among Chinese and Filipino businessmen and women in the Philippines.
This research was conducted among the top Chinese and Filipino-owned companies (in terms of profitability) in the Philippines. A total of 123 companies, Chinese (27.64%) and Filipino (72.36%), responded to a questionnaire survey and the analysis is based on their responses. In addition, in-depth personal interviews were conducted among 26 owners and/or entrepreneurs and top executives.
The research challenges the adequacy of the explanation of entrepreneurship which attributes poorer economic performance to the economic traditionalism of Roman Catholic religion as claimed by Weber. In the Philippines successful Chinese and less successful Filipino businessmen and women are, for the most part, Roman Catholic. Catholicism as observed from the practices of the Filipinos conforms to economic traditionalism. Catholicism as practiced by the Chinese is mediated by their traditional cultural values which emanate from their Confucian heritage. As a result of this mediation Catholicism generates different consequences for economic behavior between the two communities.
In place of Weber's emphasis on the psycho-spiritual tensions as the causal factor in economic behavior, this research argues that religious orientations themselves are mediated by other non religious factors such as everyday attitudes towards disciplined conduct and the situational status of the Chinese as immigrants and the Filipinos as natives. In exploring these mediations the study argues that religion is one of the major factors in the understanding of the differences in economic performance between the two communities in Philippine society.

並列關鍵字

Religion ； Business behavior ； Philippines ； Max Webber ； Capitalism.

參考文獻

Abad, G. Ricardo(1995).Filipino Religiosity: Some International Comparisons.(Philippine Studies).

Achutegui, Pedro. S. De. S.J.(1984).The Catholic Church in the Philippines: A Statistical Overview.(Philippine Studies).

Alip, E.M.,Alma, R. Huang(1936).China in the Philippines.Manila College of Chinese Studies.

Aram A. Yengoyan,Perla Q. Makil (ed)(2004).Institute of Philippine Culture.Ateneo de Manila University.

Bulatao, Jaime. C.(1992).Phenomena and their interpretation, by the same author.Ateneo de Manila University Press.