On the Origin and Consolidation of Hybrid Regimes the State of Democracy in the Caucasus

Jonathan Wheatley ； Christoph Zürcher

《Taiwan Journal of Democracy》 4卷1期 (2008/07) Pp. 1-31

https://doi.org/10.29654/TJD.200807.0001

並列摘要

The regimes in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, while broadly conforming to the category of ”hybrid regimes,” should not be treated as a half-way stage in a process of transition to democracy, but rather as stable, based on the institutional structures of clientelism. The authors identify the origin of these regimes and show how their emergence is, to a large extent, the consequence of the strategies that the new rulers chose in order to secure their authority in the years following independence. Even in Georgia, the recent ”colored revolution” had little impact on the institutional parameters of the hybrid regime. The quintessential features that underpin the hybrid regimes of the Caucasus are the clientelism that constitutes the informal dynamic of these regimes and the ”stickiness” of the informal institutions that define state power. Given the specific internal and external constraints in which these regimes are embedded, the degree of democracy that they have reached may be at an equilibrium outcome.

並列關鍵字

hybrid regime ； informal institutions ； clientelism ； democratization ； parties ； factionalism

參考文獻

Larry Diamond(2002).Thinking about Hybrid Regimes: Elections without Democracy.Journal of Democracy.13(2),26.

Joseph J. Hewitt,Jonathan Wilkenfeld,Ted R. Gurr(2008).Peace and Conflict 2008: Executive Summary.College Park, MD:CIDCM Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland.

Steven Levitsky,Lucan A. Way(2002).Elections without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.Journal of Democracy.13(2),51-65.

Thomas Carothers(2002).The End of the Transition Paradigm.Journal of Democracy.13(1),5-21.

Wolfgang Merkel(2004).Embedded and Defective Democracies.Democratization.11(5),35.