中國自1985年簽署『保護世界文化和自然遺產公約』,迄2009年已登錄38處世界遺產,居世界第三,儼然爲世界文化保存大國。其以龐大國家機器力量,投注於國際文化舞台,但其國內現實狀況是,全球資金流入中國,龐大土地開發商,假借文化保存、文化觀光之名,進行土地炒作之實,「文化保存」成爲經濟發展工具,落入學者質疑、憂慮的「文化搭台、經濟唱戲」現象。文化保存工具化使文化保存內涵與價值盡失,造成文化發展危機。文化保存理想性危機成爲當代文化保存工作的關鍵挑戰。 本文檢視中國文化資產保存制度近百年來各歷史階段的變革,特別是關切於不同時代社會脈絡,造成文化資產保存制度變遷的軌跡,對照於台灣文化資產保存經驗及限制,解析中國如何以文化保存爲策略,取得國際文化論述優勢地位,做爲兩岸文化資產保存工作經驗的對照與辯證。
Since China ratified the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on December 12, 1985, it has a list of 38 sites of world heritage, ranking third in the world. It seems that China took a great part in global cultural heritage conservation practice. However, in the beginning of 2009, the auction of the bronze heads of the Summer Palace taken by the British and French looters in 1886s, reminded people the cultural catastrophe of the Imperial China. That is to say, China constructed its cultural hegemony by means of cultural heritage practice. Under the context of globalization, ”culture” is the base for cultural tourism and industries which can earn a lot of profits, yet the cultural heritage also might be the sacrifice because of the creative destruction. In this article, by reviewing the legislation process on cultural heritage preservation into 4 stages, Ⅰ intend to analyze how Chinese people face the challenge on cultural heritage in each stage during these 100 years. In addition, Ⅰ will make some dialogue about the practice on cultural heritage preservation across the Taiwan Straits.