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文化搭台,經濟唱戲?中國文物保護法令與政策變遷歷程分析

Pursuing the Economic Growth in a Cultural Masquerade? A Review on the Process of Lawmaking for Cultural Preservation in China

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摘要


中國自1985年簽署『保護世界文化和自然遺產公約』,迄2009年已登錄38處世界遺產,居世界第三,儼然爲世界文化保存大國。其以龐大國家機器力量,投注於國際文化舞台,但其國內現實狀況是,全球資金流入中國,龐大土地開發商,假借文化保存、文化觀光之名,進行土地炒作之實,「文化保存」成爲經濟發展工具,落入學者質疑、憂慮的「文化搭台、經濟唱戲」現象。文化保存工具化使文化保存內涵與價值盡失,造成文化發展危機。文化保存理想性危機成爲當代文化保存工作的關鍵挑戰。 本文檢視中國文化資產保存制度近百年來各歷史階段的變革,特別是關切於不同時代社會脈絡,造成文化資產保存制度變遷的軌跡,對照於台灣文化資產保存經驗及限制,解析中國如何以文化保存爲策略,取得國際文化論述優勢地位,做爲兩岸文化資產保存工作經驗的對照與辯證。

並列摘要


Since China ratified the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on December 12, 1985, it has a list of 38 sites of world heritage, ranking third in the world. It seems that China took a great part in global cultural heritage conservation practice. However, in the beginning of 2009, the auction of the bronze heads of the Summer Palace taken by the British and French looters in 1886s, reminded people the cultural catastrophe of the Imperial China. That is to say, China constructed its cultural hegemony by means of cultural heritage practice. Under the context of globalization, ”culture” is the base for cultural tourism and industries which can earn a lot of profits, yet the cultural heritage also might be the sacrifice because of the creative destruction. In this article, by reviewing the legislation process on cultural heritage preservation into 4 stages, Ⅰ intend to analyze how Chinese people face the challenge on cultural heritage in each stage during these 100 years. In addition, Ⅰ will make some dialogue about the practice on cultural heritage preservation across the Taiwan Straits.

參考文獻


于海廣、王巨山(2008)。中國文化遺產保護概論。青島:山東大學出版社。
中國文物報
關於當前文物保護法執行中若干問題的報告
關於加強歷史文物保護工作的通知
尹章義、楊祖珺(1994)。大陸文化資產(文物)維護之行政體制及相關法令之調查研究。台北:行政院文化建設委員會。

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甘眞綝(2018)。公有古蹟委外經營之法制研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201800128
林群芳(2015)。北京四合院的旅遊商品化與文化再現〔碩士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0312201510291536

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