以色列的族群政治

Ethnic Politics: The Case of Israel

謝國斌(Kuo-Pin Hsieh)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 8卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 103-131

https://doi.org/10.29800/TLSQ.201203.0005

摘要

以色列是一個猶太人的國家，這不但是世人對以色列普遍的認知，也的確是以色列重要的建國目標。然而，事實時告訴我們，從以色列在1948年建國以來，即使其大多數的人口是猶太人，且持續鼓勵世界各地的猶太人「返鄉」，但自始迄今其境內都存有約20％左右的阿拉伯人，且有逐年增加的趨勢。換句話說，理念上以色列希望能建立一個屬於猶太人的國家，但實際上以色列卻是一個多元族群的國家。猶太人與阿拉伯人的矛盾，不只是文明的衝突，更在歷史、土地、生存權上都處於競爭，甚至是零和的狀態。究竟差異如此巨大的兩個族群或民族，如何在社會價值的分配競爭中相處？各族群又如何在巴勒斯坦的紛亂世局中表達自己的政治立場並行使政治權力？這些都是本文所關注的焦點。具體而言，本文包含四個重點：（1）以色列多元族群存在的成因；（2）以色列族群人口的組成現況與細節；（3）以色列的族群關係與政治；（4）以色列族群政治的展望。

關鍵字

以色列 ； 族群政治 ； 猶太人 ； 巴勒斯坦

並列摘要

Israel is a Jewish state. This is not only a widely perceived first impression of most common people, but truly it also an important goal for nation-building in Israel. However, beyond common people's incorrect impression, Israel has been an ethnically pluralistic state since the state was established in 1948. Within the Israeli territory, while Jews are the predominantly majority group that occupies around 75% of its total population, the Arabs has been also consisting of around 20% of Israel's total population since 1948. The rivalry between Jews and Arabs is more than the clash of civilization, their antagonism and competition are historical and land-based zero-sum game. Under such a complicated ethnic rival context, it is wondering that the two extremely distinct ethnic/national groups relatively peacefully co-exist within Israel. Focus on the ethnic relations and politics between the two rival groups in Israel, the main themes of this article include: (1) the origin of ethnic diversity in Israel, (2) the composition of ethnic groups in contemporary Israel, (3) the ethnic relations and politics in Israel, and (4) the prospect of Israel's ethnic politics in the future.

並列關鍵字

Israel ； ethnic politics ； Jews ； Palestine

參考文獻

潘巴瑞特陳之華譯(2002)。以色列。汐止:協和國際多媒體。

Adelman, Jonathan R.(2008).The Rise of Israel: A History of a Revolutionary State.New York:Routledge.

Arian, Alan(1997).The Second Republic: Politics in Israel.Chatham, N.J.:Chatham House.

Ben-Rafael, Eliezer,Peres, Yochanan(2005).Is Israel One? Religion, Nationalism, And Multiculturalism Confounded.Boston:Brill.

Central Bureau of Statistics. 2010. “Statistical Abstract of Israel 2010.” (http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/shnatone_new.htm?CYear=2010&Vol=61&CSubject=2)(2011/9/2).