Free Trade Agreements and the Environment: Some Implications to Taiwan

自由貿易與環境保護間的關係向來頗具爭議性，許多研究均指出貿易自由化對環境所造成的衝擊包括正面與負面衝擊。貿易與環境議題於世界貿易組織下已經引發相當多的爭議，而刻正進行的杜哈談判回合中也嘗試針對貿易與環境的議題進行談判。於同時，區域／自由貿易協定之興起也對於多邊貿易體系以及貿易與環境之互動帶來新的挑戰，例如北美自由貿易協定中即內建了相當多之環保條款。於亞太區域，各國亦競相締結區域／自由貿易協定，而區域性的貿易協定是否對於貿易與環境議題帶來新的啟示？於簡單介紹貿易與環境議題於世界貿易組織下的發展後，本文將以五個自由貿易協定（北美自由貿易協定、日星新時代經濟伙伴關係協定、東南亞國協與中國全面性經濟合作架構協定、澳紐更緊密經濟關係貿易協定、以及台巴自由貿易協定）為探討對象，以瞭解區域性之貿易協定其對於貿易與環境議題之相關規範為何，以及其與世界貿易組織下貿易與環境之相關規範間有無差異。最後，此一貿易與環境之連結，對台灣目前欲積極締結雙邊或多邊自由貿易協定之政策，將帶來何種影響，亦將於本文中進行初步的探討。

關鍵字

自由貿易協定；環境保護；關稅暨貿易總協定／世界貿易組織；北美自由貿易協定；日星新時代經濟伙伴關係協定；東南亞國協與中國全面性經濟合作架構協定；澳紐更緊密經濟關係貿易協定；台巴自由貿易協定

並列摘要

The debate between free traders and environmentalists concerning the relationship between trade liberalisation and environmental protection has been a long-standing and continuing one. Numerous studies have indicated both positive and negative impact on the environment as a result of trade liberalisation. Environmental advocates arc particularly concerned with how international trade rules undermine governments’ ability to regulate and enforce domestic as well as international environmental regulations. On the international front, campaign to change international trade mica focuses on the 'greening' of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organisation (GATT/WTO). From the environmentalists' perspective, the 1991 US trade dispute with Mexico concerning the importation of tuna under the then GATT regime was the living proof of how international trade rules have weakened government's ability to enforce its domestic environmental law. In the current Doha negotiation round under the auspices of the WTO, negotiations on trade and environment has been incorporated within the negotiation mandate under the Doha Ministerial Declaration, which indicates the increasing importance of balancing trade and environment interests under the international trading regime. This article will briefly introduce some of the trade and environment issues in the GATT/WTO regime.

並列關鍵字

FTA ； GATT/WTO ； environment ； North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA ； Agreement between the Republic of Singapore and Japan for a New-Age Economic Partnership ； Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economi

參考文獻

Block, G.M.(2004).The North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation and the Environmental Effects of NAFTA: A decade of lessons learned and where they leave-us.Loyola of Los Angeles International And Comparative law Review.26,445.

Google Scholar

Condon, B.J.(2000).Reconciling Trade and Environment: A legal analysis of European and North American Approaches.Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law.8,1.