從法律經濟觀點析論耕地三七五減租條例下耕地出、承租人之權利變動：兼評釋第五八○號解釋

A Study on the Rights Changing between Farmland's Lessor and Lessee from the Viewpoint of Law and Economics-A Discussion of "the No.580 Judicial Interpretation of the Judicial Yuan"

陳明燦(Ming-Tsann Chen)

《財產法暨經濟法》 4期 (2005/12) Pp. 1-39

摘要

長久以來，不管是基於平均地權條例第十一條或耕地三七五滅租條例第十七條終止租約之地價補償、以及耕地三七五減租條例第十九條之收回耕地規定，學界每每批評不斷，然迄釋五八○號作出之前，大法官均未「挑戰」現制之「合憲性」，即便是行政法院亦僅觸及其「周邊」爭議問題，對問題之釐清助益不大。迄釋五八○號公布之後，雖不能令耕地出、承租人「接受」，但至少已觸及出租耕地此一財產權之「優勢」（授權）與分派問題，由於茲事體大，本文乃側重於「出租人」之權益觀點，嘗試從法制經濟分析觀點加以論述，經分析後，本文認爲主管機關應從速檢討放寬出租人「自耕」之認定基準、以及修正出租人之收益「審查襟準」，更重要者，應從速研修地價「三分之一」補償之妥適性，本文建議應先經由質證分析方法將耕地「類型化」後，其所算得之地價補償「比率」方具有客觀公平性。

關鍵字

耕地三七五減租條例 ； 釋五八○ ； 財產權保障 ； 法律經濟分析

並列摘要

In spite of respected regulations in §11 of ”The Equalization of Land Rights Act” as well as in §§17-19 of ”The 37.5% Rent Reduction Act”, since long time, there are strong controversy about the issues of farmland price compensation between farmland's lessor and lessee by expiring of leasing term of lease contract. Before the ”No.580 Judicial Interpretation” of the Judicial Yuan has been promulgated, the legality of related articles in the acts as mention above is not ever be challenged. Nevertheless, the controversy to compensation regulations will be more stronger. Therefore, the main point of this article is to analyze related proposals from the viewpoint of ”economic analysis to the law”. After analyzing, the key points for the authority (Minister of the Interior) could be proposed as follows, the standards relating to the ”self-cultivation” and ”current income” of farmland lessor must be revised. In addition, it's also very important is to revise the regulation of so-called ”one third” of farmland price compensation for the farmland's lessee according to §§17 Ⅱ ③ of ”The 37.5% Rent Reduction Act”. In order to regulate a more equal compensation ratio between farmland's lessor and lessee, it's necessary for the authority to make more empirical studies.

並列關鍵字

The 37.5% Rent Reduction Act ； The No.580 Judicial Interpretation of the Judicial Yuan ； Property Rights Protection ； Economic Analysis to the Law