著作財產權行使之自由與限制－以法律經濟分析為中心

Freedom and Restriction of the Property Right of an Author-Base on Economic Analysis of Law

林洲富(Chou-Fu Lin)

《財產法暨經濟法》 6期 (2006/06) Pp. 147-185

摘要

基於私法自治之原則下，著作財產權人得依據自己之自由意願與他人締結著作財產權之讓與或授權契約，使著作財產權得自由轉讓。然而，基於權利社會化與私法自治有不完善處，於保護考慮著作財產權人之利益同時，亦須考慮社會公共利益，以調和公益與私益。是國家對於著作財產人所享有之著作財產權，應為一定之限制，以符合公共利益。就經濟學之理論而言，當資源配置或財產權產生變動，必須變動所增加之效益大於減少之效益時，始符合效率，是限制著作財產權人之行使權利，必須為成本及效益之分析，不得僅以公益為唯一之考量。有鑒於著作權之保護與否及程度，其與國家社會之經濟制度具有密切關係'故本文以經濟分析之方法，作為討論著作財產權行使自由與限制之基準'藉由經濟分析之模式，探討著作權法與經濟學之關聯性，檢視該法律制度是否可達成效率與財富極大化之目的，以評斷保護及限制著作財產權制度之存在功能。準此，本文試以市場機能為基礎，於尊重契約自由之原則下，藉分析成本效益之方式，探討契約自由及其限制之必要性，並追求效率及公平之均衡。當限制所產生之效率高於限制之支出成本，為達成效用極大化或財富極大化，始有限制著作財產權人行使權利之必要性。

關鍵字

契約自由 ； 效用極大化 ； 財富極大化 ； 外部性 ； 市場經濟 ； 市場機能

並列摘要

Base on the principle of autonomy of private law, the property right of an author with free will and others sign transfer or authorization of contract of economic rights. However, The rights tend to goal-based theories and autonomy of private is not perfect, consider the copyright holder's benefits in the aegis at the same time, must as well consider the social and public benefits, then in harmony with public welfare and private benefit. The nation for economic rights that the property right of an author's possess, should for the certain control, then match the public benefits. On the other hand, according to efficiency standpoint, when installation of resources has changes that must be the gain's welfare larger than the decrease's welfare, so control over copyright holder to exercise the rights, and it should consider the efficiency factor. The copyright is part of the right of intellectual property, whether protect or not and its degree, it with the technology and economic background of society have germane, so have the necessity with the method of the economic analysis under discussion for economic rights exercise the basis of the freedom and restrict. To study the connection of the law and economic by the mode of the economic analysis and examine whether law system can reach the efficiency and wealth maximization or not, and then estimate system of economic rights' function. This text try regarding market function as the foundation, in the principle that respect freedom of contract, by the way of the analysis cost efficiency, study the control's necessity. The control produce it efficiency higher than the control's expenditure cost, then limited the property right of an author is necessary to reach the economy on biggest efficiency for the purpose. So that, the property right of an author exercise the rights it at the same time, as well get in the autonomy with control, get equilibrium place.

並列關鍵字

freedom of contract ； utility maximization ； wealth maximization ； externalities ； market economy ； market mechanism