論融資公司債務人之交易紀錄揭露請求權－日本近來司法實務動態之觀察比較

A Comparative Study on the Right to Access Transaction Records Against Finance Companies: In the Idea of Japanese Judicial Experience

陳一銘(I-Ming Chen) ； 李智仁(Chih-Jen Lee)

《財產法暨經濟法》 11期 (2007/09) Pp. 105-157

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.200709.0004

摘要

金融隱私權在近年來逐漸受到重視，係一新興領域之基本權利，該權利之作用除消極地防止侵害外，亦應包含積極地請求給付（例如揭露交易紀錄）。而債務人與融資公司間之交易紀錄本屬個人之金融隱私，債務人應得請求融資公司對其揭露。近來日本實務上因爲諸多的金錢消費借貸糾紛，而產生債務人得否向融資公司請求揭露交易紀錄之爭議，學說上或容有仁智互見的看法，然而日本最高法院於二○○五及二○○六年相繼作出判決，明確承認債務人之此項揭露請求權。其依據係由貸金業法之規範意旨與誠信原則，推導出融資公司具有揭露交易紀錄之附隨義務。反觀我國，近來政府亦逐步考量並推展融資公司制度之法制化，未來一旦制度成形並開始運作，則融資公司與債務人發生糾紛時，得否請求揭露交易紀錄，亦爲可能面對之問題。本文嘗試借鏡日本經驗，藉由商業會計法之規定與基本權第三人效力理論推導債務人之請求權、並對融資公司法草案提出相關的建議，期能助益於金融隱私權保障之具體落實。

關鍵字

金融隱私權 ； 交易記錄揭露請求權 ； 融資公司 ； 誠信原則 ； 附隨義務 ； 基本權第三人效力理論 ； 保存期間 ； 本人確認程序 ； 貸金業法 ； 融資公司法 ； 電腦處理個人資料保護法 ； 商業會計法

並列摘要

The transaction records between debtors and finance company is also a kind of personal financial privacy. Recently, many disputes about debtors' right to access transaction records occurred. In 2005 and 2006, the Supreme Court of Japan made some judgments to admit this right. This consequence results from the subsidiary obligation from Moneylenders Act and principle of good faith. There are no finance companies in Taiwan because companies are under very strict restriction on making loans in the past. But whether finance companies are allow operating is in discussing and the proposal of Finance Company Law would be establish in recent years. By analyzing judicial experiences of Japan in its development of the right to access transaction records, we would learn some lessons for reference.
Financial information has become such an important concern because an individual's financial transactions directly reflect that individual's lifestyle, personal interests, and political beliefs. Besides, the tremendous growth of banking services, particularly consumer credit, has launched financial privacy into the foreground of public. For preventing assaults against financial information, people think highly of Right to Financial Privacy. The content of this right includes not only prevent the infringement but also permit the data owner to access or correct inaccurate information about themselves.

並列關鍵字

Right to Financial Privacy ； The Right to Access Transaction Records ； Finance Company Law ； Moneylenders Act ； Principle of Good Faith ； Subsidiary Obligation