網路著作權侵害責任之探討－以美國案例為主

From the US Cases to Analyze the Internet Infringement Liability of U.S. Copyright Law

曾勝珍(Sheng-Chen Tseng)

《財產法暨經濟法》 13期 (2008/03) Pp. 29-73

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.200803.0002

摘要

網際網路是一種自由言論媒介及研發靈感的來源，更是最後心血結晶呈現的舞台，然而不健全的環境會鼓勵及帶動盜印、盜錄行爲的盛行，雖然免費甚或收費低廉的複製價緒對使用者形成誘因，卻大大危害創作者的創作動機；著作人根據著作權法第二順位侵權責任，以保障因網際網路與電腦盛行發達後，對控告軟體設計者及網路服務提供者（Internet Service Provide, 簡稱ISPs）時的主要依據。
替代侵害責任(vicarious liability)及輔助侵害責任(contributory liability)因Napster、Aimster及Grokster等案件，對責任的範團及內涵，又有了不同的解讀方式。本文將自Sony案及上述案件，說明其實務見解及緣由、法律爭點，包括替代侵害責任及輔助侵害責任的內涵、定義及區別逐項說明，再佐以實務案例對第二順位侵權責任的實務見解與理論依據，統整目前美國著作權侵害責任的分類與歷史過程，並爲目前適用及運用情形做出總結，希冀本文對網路著作權侵害責任之分析。能爲我國在相關案件與法規依據上提供參考。

關鍵字

著作權法 ； 網際網路 ； 智慧財產權

並列摘要

On June 27, 2005, the United States Supreme Court-by issuing its decision in MGM Studios Inc. v. Grokster, attempted to answer that question once and for all, and to settle the doctrinal confusion that had been escalating between the federal circuits over the issue of contributory copyright liability. This paper argues that the courts' expanded intent in the two traditional doctrines of secondary copyright liability-vicarious liability and contributory infringement. Like Napster and Aimster cases have significantly broadened these doctrines to reach copying and distribution technologies and activities.
Secondly, this paper discusses the two primary doctrines of secondary liability in copyright law and describes the Supreme Court's staple-article-commerce doctrine. and suggests the Supreme Court's Grokster decision in dec1aring a new standard of ”inducement” liability.
Finally, this paper argues that courts must abandon the expansion of the intent inquiry in vicarious liability and contributory infringement and return to a more constrained application of the three distinct strands of secondary liability in copyright law.

並列關鍵字

copyright law ； internet ； intellectual property