我國家事勞動相關政策與草案之探討

A Study on the Relevant Policies and Bills Regarding Domestic Work in Taiwan

鄭津津(Chin-Chin Cheng)

《財產法暨經濟法》 13期 (2008/03) Pp. 75-116

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.200803.0003

摘要

在傳統社會裡，處理家務與照顧老小的工作，多是由家中婦女負責。隨著女性教育水準與勞動意識的提高，女性走出家庭進入職場的比例愈來愈高，家中事務、幼兒、老人與病患的照顧，即愈來愈需要依賴家事勞動者的勞務提供。家事勞動者，不管是本勞或外勞，大多是社會中較弱勢的一群，其工作的特殊性更造成其勞動地位的脆弱性。雖然家事勞動者所從事之工作並非生產性或營利性的工作，但其提供勞務的事實與一般職場中的勞動者並無區別。然而，一般職場中勞動者享有的基本勞動權益，往往非家事勞動者所能享有。家事勞動者在職場上的弱勢情況在我國亦不例外，我國雖有制定勞動基準法提供勞工最低勞動標準之保障，但家事勞動者目前仍被排除於勞動基準法的適用之外。不可否認，家事勞動者之雇主與一般戰場上之雇主確也不同，若要直接將家事勞動者納入勞基法之適用範圍內，恐有窒礙難行之處。然而，不提供家事勞動者適度的保障也不符合保障勞動人權的普世價值。爲解決上述問題，本文論述之重點在於如何在雇主權益與家事勞動者權益之間，尋求一個規範的平衡點，期能爲未來制定家事勞動相關政策與法律時提供具體之建議。

關鍵字

家事勞動 ； 幫傭 ； 監護工 ； 外勞

並列摘要

In a traditional society, the work of housekeeping and care-giving is done by women at home. Since more and more women are welleducated and career-devoted, the numbers of working women increase dramatically. In many cases, domestic workers replace women at home, and become the m句or providers of the housekeeping and care-giving service. However, most domestic workers are vulnerable in the society. The work done by domestic workers is not profit-oriented. However, it is also true that the service provided by domestic workers is no difference form that by workers in other industries. If so, how come the employment rights obtained by workers in other industries can not be enjoyed by domestic workers? The vulnerability suffered by most domestic workers in Taiwan is not exceptional. The Labor Standards Act is enacted to provide minimum protections regarding working terms and conditions to most workers in Taiwan. Currently, domestic workers are excluded from the protection of the Labor Standards Act. It is indisputable that difficulties will occur if domestic workers are covered by the Labor Standards Act directly. However, it is also against the global value if no legal protection is provided to domestic workers. Since it is a global trend to provide comprehensive protections to domestic workers, it is improper for us to keep ignoring this issue. Therefore, it is vital to establish laws and regulations governing domestic work with purposes to solve the relevant problems and balance the interests of domestic workers and their employers.

並列關鍵字

Domestic Work ； Housekeepers ； Care-givers ； Foreign Workers