僱用人安全保護義務規範功能之探討－以民法第483條之1為中心

The Reaserch of the Function of Regulation for Employer's Consideration Duty for safe-Focus on Civil Code Article 483-1

周兆昱(Chao-Yu Chou)

《財產法暨經濟法》 24期 (2010/12) Pp. 1-44

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.201012.0001

摘要

僱用人安全保護義務於我國民法增訂第483條之l後，業已取得實定法上之地位。惟因國內學界或實務對本條之規範內容與效力尚未有充分了解，以致本條於多數判決中只被認爲是「保護他人之法律」並未被視作是獨立之債務不履行損害賠償法律依據。本文以爲，民法第483條之l有關僱用人安全保護義務之規定非但是獨立之損害賠償法律依據，且對於因工作壓力而引起之過勞自殺等非傳統意義之職業事故更有規範功能上之意義。此類因受僱人精神或心理狀態所生之事故，多數無法依傳統之侵權行爲法求償，但卻可能以僱用人未履行民法第483條之l所定「爲必要之預防」爲由，依債務不履行規定尋求法律上之救濟。此外，本條亦應可類推適用於所謂「類似僱傭契約之法律關係」中，以解決諸如業務委外或勞動派遣中，定作人或要派公司與承攬人之受僱人或派遣勞工間因無僱傭關係之存在，故而即便因工作而發生事故，仍無法依民法第483條之l向定作人或要派公司求償之法律漏洞。又本文亦提出僱用人安全保護義務規定於部分之委任或承攬契約，乃至公法關係中皆有其適用之見解，因爲惟有如此解釋，才能使其規範功能得到充分發揮。

關鍵字

僱用人安全保護義務 ； 民法第483條之1 ； 過勞自殺 ； 債務不履行 ； 僱用人安全保護義務之類推適用 ； 類似僱傭契約之法律關係

並列摘要

Employers have a law duty to take care for the safety of their employees. This law duty is reinforced by the Civil Code Article 483-1, which however was not considered, in many law cases, to be a legal ground for compensation but just the law which protect others. This paper argues that regulations about employer's duty for protection and safety are not only the ground for compensation in the typical occupational accidents but also applicable to certain occupational injuries cases such as over-work suicides. Employees in most of such cases, out of workers' mental or psychological condition, can't appeal for compensation by the rule of torts. However, employees could appeal due to employer's default on an obligation, demanding on employers' not taking actions for prevention. In addition, the Code could also be applicable to what is called ”relationship of quasi employment contract”, as those outsourcing contract workers and the temporary workers, it's even more difficult to appeal for any compensation even if under the protection by Civil Code 483-1 since the employment relation ship doesn't exist between those workers and the order company. The author thus argues the use of Code 483-1 can be sufficient only when the employer's legal duty for protection is applicable to workers in outsourcing contracts, temporary workers, even in some public workers.

並列關鍵字

employer's consideration duty for safe ； Civil Code article 483-1 ； over-work suicides ； default on an obligation ； analogy application for employer's consideration duty for safe ； relationship of quasi employment contract