非銀行經營銀行業務刑事責任之探討

A Study on Anyone Engaging the Business of Banking without Bank Licenses Violates the Banking Act on Criminal Responsibility

郭土木(Tu-Mu Kuo)

《財產法暨經濟法》 31期 (2012/09) Pp. 103-132

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.201209.0003

摘要

金融業務在國內外之立法例上通常皆將其設定為許可行業，各該經營業務之事業主體非經主管機關之許可，並經得許可證照後不得營業，對違反者就其未經許可經營各該項業務之行為科以刑責。銀行法就金融業務依其與銀行業務監理適用法之關係，可分三類，第一類為銀行之核心專屬業務，包括經營收受存款、受託經理信託資金、公眾財產或辦理國內外匯兌業務；第二類則為銀行須取得他業兼營許可之業務，包括信託、票券、證券、期貨與保險等，第三類為任何人都得經營從事且無須取得許可之非專屬業務，其中涉及金融秩序與客戶權益者，以專屬之核心業務及兼營之許可業務較重大，故有相關刑事責任之規範，本文首先就非銀行違反許可規定經營銀行專屬業務之刑事責任構成要件犯罪之主體、主觀犯意與行為態樣提出分析探討。其次再就現行銀行法規定得經營但須另取得兼營許可之業務，包括證券、保險、期貨等業務加以論述，最後再探討其與其他法律規定產生競合適用之情形，並提出未來共同努力之方向。

關鍵字

銀行 ； 許可主義 ； 地下金融 ； 不特定人 ； 直接或確定之故意 ； 間接未必故意 ； 信託業 ； 期貨業 ； 證券業 ； 保險業

並列摘要

Whether our or other advanced countries the financial business activities and financial institutions should be regulated and registrated. Including banking, trustee, insurance, securities and futures etc. they are to set for the licensing industry, Permission of the operations of the cause of the main non-approval of the competent authority, through or licenses may not do business, Anyone whose conduct break the law of competent authority unauthorized may subject to administrative penalty and criminal liability. The Banking Act in respect of the financial business in its relations with the banking supervision applicable law, can be divided into three categories, the first category is the exclusive business of the bank's core, including the operators accepting deposits, manager trust funds, public property or handling domestic and foreign exchange business; the second category is the banks are required to obtain his sideline industry licensing business, including trust, bills, securities, futures and insurance; the third type of business which anyone could operate engaged, and it is not required to obtain the non-exclusive license the financial business involving financial market order and the interests of customers, more significant to the exclusive core business and the knowledge of the licensing business concurrently, it is related to the criminal responsibility of the specification, this paper first discuss any non-Bank license person in violation of the licensing provisions of the constituent elements of the exclusive criminal responsibility. Include of the business to carry on banking crime body subjective, mens rea and behavior patterns proposed analyzed and investigated. Secondly, Analysis of research the current banking law operating subject to other concurrently permitted business, and if in violation of the licensing provisions of the constituent elements how to assume the legal liabilities to be discussed, Finally, explore the competing applies to the situation with other law and proposed future joint efforts direction.

並列關鍵字

Bank ； License and Registration ； Illegal Financial Business ； General Public ； Directly Intentional ； Indirectly Intentional ； Trust Industry ； Futures Industry ； Securities Industry ； Insurance Industry