《杜騙新書》之僧騙故事探究

張應俞的《杜騙新書》是一部兼具公案及世情小說特色的晚明小說。作者以剖析民間各式騙術的原理和手法為著述目的，視杜絕社會詐欺事件為編纂目標，形成此書實用之寫真風格。基於是書時事記實的寫作特色，足以作為當世社會現象之側寫依據，故以小說中與僧人有關的詐騙故事為研究對象，藉以探討晚明僧人的社會形象。首先就九則僧騙故事進行類型研究，藉由這九種僧騙故事的內容探討，進而比對分析其它小說所記載的類似故事，由此了解這些僧騙事件在當世的流傳情形和影響程度。再者就僧騙故事的意涵加以探究，可以看到此類故事呈現出當世文人基於傳統儒者角度的宗教認知，以及這些僧騙故事所表現出來的情欲特質，代表著某種程度上的僧人情欲觀。因此從小說記載的僧騙故事，以及作者評議僧人形象的諸多言談中，足以側寫出晚明僧人的社會形象。

關鍵字

公案小說；僧人；詐騙；社會形象

並列摘要

Zhang Ying Yu's Du Pian Xin Shu is a novel containing both kong and secular features of the Late-Min Dynasty. The author aims to eradicate imposture in social affairs by analyzing the theorems and techniques of the deceitful tricks utilized by various folks. Thus, the author's writing objective creates the realistic style of the novel. The realistic writing characteristic of this novel has become a reference for social phenomena of that era. Therefore, the stories about cheating monks in this novel constitute the research objective for understanding social images of monks in the Late-Min Dynasty. First, a study of nine types of monk-cheating stories, as well as a comparison and analysis of similar stories in other novels, can facilitate an understanding of the expanding situation and its influences on monk-cheating affairs at that time. Moreover, an investigation into the meanings of monk-cheating stories also assists in understanding the religious cognizance of scholars at that time, in the view of traditional Confucians. Moreover, the sensual feature of these monk-cheating stories represents a sensual concept of monks to a certain extent. Finally, the social images of monks in the Late-Min Dynasty can be surmised from these monk-cheating stories and the author's various discussions of monks.