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票據追索權行使之當事人及其權利義務之探討

A Study of the Parties of Exercising Recourse and Their Rights & Liabilities

摘要


本篇係與於2005年12月所發表之「票據追索權行使要件之探討」爲同一系列,對於追索權相關問題之研究,第貳節至第肆節爲探討匯票本票之當事人及其權利義務,而第伍節則探討支票方面之問題。其主要內容:(1)追索權人乃票據權利人或已爲清償而取回票據之人;再之償還義務人並不限於背書人、保證人而已,主票據債務人亦得爲償還義務人,其之所以應負償還義務人責任,係由償還義務人責任與承兌人責任之不同爲考量;另外,背書中斷後之執票人亦得向其前手行使追索權。(2)被追索人(償還義務人)爲清償時,得向其後手請求交付票據、拒絕證書、收據等,以方便向其前手再追索或避免受二重追索之危險。被追索人爲清償後,宜塗銷自己及其後手之背書,使自己回復至成爲票據權利人之地位,以避免再度受請求。(3)被追索人回應執票人或背書人之請求而爲清償,亦得對於其前手再追索。被追索人因爲清償而取回票據,現今學說採權利再取得說,乃被追索人被強制爲清償而取回票據,除受原票據債務人之抗辯外,無由後手承繼抗辯之問題,而再取得票據權利;以上係以票據部分爲對象。(4)係針對支票之特殊問題爲探討,支票發票人應照支票文義擔保支票之支付,係基於支票爲委託證券,發票人僅爲支票發行人,故對於支票上之債務,係負擔償還義務而已,則發票人所負之責任爲第二次義務。又支票一經保付,發票人及背書人即免除其責任。係因付款人如於支票上簽名保付,即應負與匯票承兌人同一之義務,對於支票負絕對的付款責任,以強化支票之信用。故一經保付,發票人及背書人之擔保付款責任因此而免除。 本文僅使用日本與台灣之文獻,日本部分,特別針對田中誠二、鈴木竹雄、前田庸、大隅健一郎、河本一郎及星川長七等教授之著書及論文,國內部分大量引用鄭玉波、陳世榮、陳鈨雄、王德槐、梁宇賢等學者專家之著作。研究方法係以比較中、日兩國票據制度之差異,探討其優缺點,惟此方面研究在我國仍屬缺乏,筆者不揣譾陋,大膽嘗試、擷取他人學說之精華,勾勒其輪廓,奉獻一己之力,期能有所創見。

並列摘要


If a bill or a note is dishonoured by non-payment, the holder may exercise a right of recourse only after the instrument has been duly protest for dishonour, against the drawer, the indorsers and their guarantors. All drawers, acceptors, endorsers or guarantors by aval of a bill of exchange are jointly and severally liable to the holder. The holder has the right of proceeding against all these persons individually or collectively without being required to observe the order in which they have become bound. Proceeding against one of the parties liable do not prevent proceedings against the others, even though they may be subsequent to the party first proceeded against. The same right is possessed by any person signing the bill who has taken it up and paid it.

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