殖民地的規訓與教化－日治時期台灣小說中的警民關係

本文以賴和〈不如意的過年〉（1928）、陳虛谷〈放炮〉（1930）兩篇漢文小說，以及呂赫若〈牛車〉（1935）、新田淳〈池畔之家〉（1941）兩篇日文小說為對象，討論台灣人與日本人作家如何針對日本人警察與台灣人百姓之互動關係，進行不同的文學再現。本文鎖定以上四個文本，是因為它們的警民關係再現與「文明化」殖民論述的辯證，有著緊密的關聯。透過小說文本分析與相關史料的互文參照，本文討論了殖民地台灣警民關係的漢文與日文文學再現中，諷寓手法、多語言混用語翻譯的再現形式與策略，如何針對殖民地「文明化」論述進行不同的演繹。主要討論的問題如下：小說中的殖民地規訓與教化帶有何種「文明化」意涵？如何呈現日本人殖民者與台灣人被殖民者在此一文明化過程中的相互建構性？台灣人與日本人作家分別透過何種再現手法與多種語言混用，挑戰或呼應殖民地文明化論述中的民族、階級權力關係？本文討論結果顯示，警民關係的文學再現既然以活現的人際關係為主題，在呼應著各個時代的歷史背景與主流意識形態的同時，也在同一文學空間呈現殖民地「文明化」過程的共構關係及其內在矛盾，挑戰既有的殖民地民族與文明化論述。因此，殖民地台灣的警民關係必須被放置在西方、日本、台灣之間現代國家建構與海外殖民地統治相互作用下權力、規訓與教化的多重「翻譯」過程中，進行進一步檢視。

關鍵字

警察；賴和；陳虛谷；呂赫若；新田淳

並列摘要

This research explores literary representations of ethnic relations between Japanese policemen and Taiwanese (Han Chinese) people. By Analyzing Chinese and Japanese language novels by Taiwanese and Japanese writers, I discuss how these literary productions represent diverse ethnic relations and interactions against the background of colonial management and discipline. In particular, in the interethnic contact and relations under colonial rule, how the law/human relation, imperial ideology/local practice, colonial power/everyday life conflict and negotiate with each other? How does the contact of Japanese policemen and Taiwanese people involve the existing social relations? How does the use of multiple languages and translations manifest the multilayered power relations?This research also pay attention to the historical process of modernization and cultivation in Meiji Japan, explores how the modernization process in Japan's police system has effected the way in which Japanese people construct their identity as ”modern people” and ”imperial agent.” In conclusion, the ethnic relation between Japanese police and Taiwanese people should be further examined in the context of multiple translation in the making of nation-state and oversea colonization between the West, Japan, and colonial Taiwan.