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向「民間」靠近-台灣三○年代文學論述及其文化意涵

Going among the People: The Taiwanese Folk-literature Discourse and its cultural meanings in 1930s

摘要


三○年代初期,台灣的文學關懷逐漸從「新舊文學」轉移到「鄉土文學」,然而此時關於「鄉土」的想像資源,在很大的程度上乃擷取於「民間」,因此伴隨鄉土文學在三○年代初期的崛起,民間文學研究也同步地受到相當的重視。本文以三○年代的民間文學動向為考察對象,並在爬梳相關論述後指出,在望向民間文學的視線當中,有些是從啟蒙的角度而將之作為必須加以改造的對象,有些則視之為純真至寶而大加讚美。但無論如何,當知識份子將眼光望向「民間」時,映照在他們眼中的是一種集團化了的人民圖像,在這當中,人民被視為一個統一的整體,且被想像成一個本身便擁有特殊內涵的文化實體。於是,透過對於「民間」的關注,知識份子們獲得了討論並想像「台灣人或台灣文化究竟是什麼」的絕佳材料。

關鍵字

民間文學 鄉土 人民 文化 民族性

並列摘要


The focus of Taiwanese literature debates had been gradually shifting from ”New and Old Literature” to Hsiang-tu Literature since the beginning of 1930s. The concept of Hsiang-tu literature gained its literary resource mostly from ”the common people”. Accordingly as the concept of Hsiang-tu literature arose, the folk-literature was widely caught attention as well. This article tries to trace the folk-literature movement in the 1930s: by examining literati's discourses, it points out that there were different ways to look at the folk-literature. Some believed that folk-literature reflected the shortcomings of national Taiwanese characters while others saw it as a national treasure which needed to be preserved. But in both cases, Taiwanese people were considered a whole, with their own unified cultural identity. By going among people, Taiwanese elites obtained the best material to discuss and construct what Taiwanese people and culture ”really are”.

參考文獻


中島利郎編(2003)。1930年代台灣鄉土文學論戰資料彙編。高雄:春暉出版社。
李獻璋編(1989)。台灣民間文學集。台北:龍文出版社。
吳同瑞編、王文寶編、段寶林編()。
周作人(1999)。周作人民俗學論集。中國上海:上海文藝出版社。
胡適(1986)。胡適作品集19白話文學史。台北:遠流出版社。

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