APEC亞太氣候難民治理的策略與挑戰：從批判安全觀點分析

The Strategy and Challenge of APEC Governance on Climate Refugee: Viewpoint of Critical Security

王芳醴(Fang-Li Wang) ； 李玫憲(Mei-Hsien Lee)

《修平學報》 32期 (2016/03) Pp. 115-135

摘要

亞太地區基於「地理環境」及「人口分佈」等三項因素，不僅面臨氣候變遷衝擊時相對脆弱，因氣候災變而產生氣候難民的可能性亦高於其他地區。APEC做為區域重要的政治經濟組織，長期致力於促進亞太區域經濟台作與發展，對於氣候難民問題陸續浮現的負面衝擊，必然予以高度關注。然而，在經濟發展高於人類安全的氛圍下，目前區域國家對此一威脅的關注與台作卻相當有限。究竟，亞太氣候難民問題對區域發展構成何種威脅？APEC採取了哪些因應策略？而相關措施在執行上的挑戰又為何？為回答上述問題，本文將採取國際關條批判理論觀點，並從下列三個部分分析APEC在氣候難民治理的策略與挑戰：首先回顧亞太氣候難民問題的發展與演進，系統地闡述它對區域政經事務的可能威脅；其次就APEC在氣候難民問題上的立場與相關作法進行討論，最後透過批判安全視角反思APEC氣候難民治理，說明何以當前相關倡議未能達到預期成效，並藉此提出改善治理困境的可能途徑。

關鍵字

亞太經濟合作會議 ； 氣候變遷 ； 氣候難民 ； 氣候治理 ； 批判安全研究

並列摘要

Caused by geography and population distribution, Asia-Pacific region has been weak in dealing with challenges of climate change, and facing more risks than others. APEC, as an important political economics organization of promoting regional economic cooperation and development, undoubtedly focuses on negative impact resulted from climate refugee. However, regional countries recently pay less attention and cooperation to this threat under the atmosphere that respects economic development more than human security. This article aims to answer following questions: What’s the threat of climate refugee posed to regional development? Is there any response adapted by APEC? How's the challenge working? To explore what APEC governance on climate refugee is, we analyze in viewpoint of IR Critical theory: First, it explores the threat to regional political economy by reviewing the development and evolution of climate refugee issues. Second, it discusses the position and response of APEC in dealing with climate refugee. Finally, it explains why relative initiatives can't attain their aim in the viewpoint of Critical Security Studies, and gives some suggestions for decreasing governance difficulties.

並列關鍵字

APEC ； climate change ； climate refugee ； climate governance ； critical security studies

參考文獻

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