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沖之鳥島周邊劃定為日本專屬經濟區的國際法爭議及其影響

The Surrounding Waters of Okinotori Island Being Regarded as Japan's EEZ: Dispute in International Law and Its Impact

摘要


沖之鳥島位於北緯20度,東經136度。它雖是綿延11平方公里的熱帶環狀珊瑚礁,但逢漲潮時只高於水面約10公分上下,浮出面積亦僅10平方公尺以內;既無栽種作物,復因形勢孤立、海流侵蝕,自然環境惡劣而不能維持人類之居住。目前亦僅由日本國土交通省派員不定期往返,作為氣象觀測定點之落腳地。惟自一九八二年《聯合國海洋法公約》生效實施以來,此一彈丸大小的不毛之地,竟使標榜世代友好的中、日兩國捲入激烈的海權爭議,其箇中原委及後續發展,殊堪玩味。蓋以台、日相鄰雖素稱友善,但亦存在如釣魚台(尖閣)之海權爭議。職是之故,本文首先藉由戰後以來日本動向之考察,以釐清日本在該爭議事件背後之歷史脈絡。其次則以中、日爭議為焦點,檢視環繞沖之鳥島周邊所涉及的國際角力,並對照國際法在系爭個案之適用情形。最後則總結日本在面臨海權爭議時的態度取向及其運用手法,以資作為台灣在處理相關問題時的參考與借鏡。

關鍵字

島嶼 岩礁 大陸礁層 專屬經濟區

並列摘要


Okinotori Islands, located 1,740 kilometers away from Tokyo in the western Pacific, consists of two small islolated islands on a coral reef. The islands are 4.5 kilometers from east to west and 1.7 kilometers from north to south. A few decades ago, the area was dotted with half a dozen islets, but by 1989, only two were still visible. In order to keep the two barren islets in the western Pacific above water, the Japanese government has already spent $600 millon. Japan claimed an exclusive economic zone around Okinotori stretching hundreds of kilometers in every direction under the 1982 Law of the Sea. But a threat has emerged when China challenged Japan's exclusive rights to the economically and militarily important waters, describing Okinotori Islands as just a ”rock”. The issue concerning the surrounding waters of Okinotori Islands has become a serious dispute between Japan and China. This paper intends to study and analyze this debate and its impact from the viewpoint of international law.

參考文獻


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何思慎(1999)。擺盪在兩岸之間-戰後日本對華政策。台北:東大圖書。

被引用紀錄


蔡靜航(2013)。區域強權遠洋海軍輕型航母發展評估:以日本與印度為例〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2013.00878
蘇哲弘(2013)。從海權論觀點探討戰後日本的海權發展〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0801201418033944
蕭嫈欣(2013)。從日本沖之鳥島劃界問題 探討島嶼制度與周邊國家之反應〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201613541823
陳瑄毓(2014)。國內政治對外交政策的影響:以日本領土爭議為例〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1102201416364500

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